2026-04-20T02:44:49Z https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/oai

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/1 2023-02-14T14:02:58Z nrs:S.R driver

Transformational Leadership Style on Job Performance in Clinical Setting among Nurses: Transformational Leadership Style on Job Performance Mushtaq, Khudija Hussain , Muhammad Transformational leader, leadership, Leader, Nurse, Job performance The present article is the literature reviews of transformational leadership style and its efficacy within the health organization specially the nurses’ job performance. Nurses are the frontline defenders in health care settings. Therefore, their leadership style has great importance in the performance. Nursing leaders have the positive impact on the efficiency of the nursing team members’ work performance. Furthermore, the literature review probes the concept of transformational role which is the most important part of job satisfaction and job performance. The relationship of transformation style and job performance was rather debatable in different research studies. Hence, it is the priority to comprehend the concept of transformational leadership and evaluate its impact on nurses’ job performance. Therefore, the transformational leadership style would resolve different health setting problems. It improves nurses’ performance resulting minimize patients’ hospital stay. Therefore, a high outcome could be managed with fewer resources. A very few studies were conducted on a transformational leadership style among front line shoulders i.e. nurses. CrossLinks International Publishers 2021-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/1 10.54393/nrs.v1i01.1 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2021: Volume 01 Issue 01; 28-33 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v1i01 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/1/2 10.54393/nrs.v1i01.1.g2 Copyright (c) 2021 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/2 2023-02-14T13:55:51Z nrs:O.A driver

Assessing the Knowledge and Attitude of Nurses Regarding Cervical Cancer Screening in a Public Hospital of Lahore : Knowledge and Attitude of Nurses Regarding Cervical Cancer Siddiqi, Amna Yaqoob, Rehana Shafique , Amna Farooq , Shakila Cervical Cancer Screening, Knowledge, Attitude, Nurses Cervical cancer is a fatal illness that strikes women all over the world. In developing countries, it is the leading cause of cancer mortality among women. Objective: To Assess the Knowledge and Attitude of Nurses Regarding Cervical Cancer Screening in a Public Hospital of Lahore.  Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was conducted to collect data from 122 registered nurses of Sir Gangaram Hospital, Lahore. Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire to obtain data about knowledge and attitude of respondents about cervical cancer screening. Data was analyzed through SPSS V.21 using descriptive statistics. Chi square test was applied. Results: A total of 122 nurses participated in the study. From 122 total respondents, 45 (37%) were aged between 25-30 years and 67(54.9%) had more than 5 year of work experience. 55(44.3%) had diploma nursing and 62 (50.8%) had less than one year of work experience in gynae. Hypothesis testing (p=0.192) shows that mean age has no significant association with participant’s knowledge. While Job experience and education revealed statistically significant associations with participant knowledge (p=0.04 and p=0.003).  Similarly, age also has no significant association with participant’s attitude (p=0.384). Job experience and education, on the other hand, exhibited a statistically significant relationship with participants' attitudes (p=0.006 and p=0.000). Conclusions: It is concluded that there is no association between age of participants and cervical cancer screening knowledge and attitude. Similarly, as participants' educational and work experience levels rise, their knowledge and attitudes concerning cervical cancer improve. CrossLinks International Publishers 2021-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/2 10.54393/nrs.v1i01.2 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2021: Volume 01 Issue 01; 07-11 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v1i01 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/2/1 10.54393/nrs.v1i01.2.g1 Copyright (c) 2021 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/3 2023-02-14T14:05:25Z nrs:C.S driver

Ethical Dilemma: Autonomy Versus Veracity: Ethical Dilemma Karam Din, Saima Yaqoob, Adnan Assad , Rozeena Basharat, Shahzadi Truth Telling, Ethics, Prognostic Information, Health Care Professionals Ethical principles have to be applied by health care providers as well as by organization even in challenging conditions. This case study discusses, through the case of a patient with poor prognosis of lung cancer. The ethical dilemma of telling truth and withholding information about diagnosis. The respect for autonomy is necessary for patients. Health care providers must respect for ethical principles. This case study also discusses the implication of controversies and issues related to telling truth relevant to clinical practice. A 50-years old female, having two children visits hospital with a history of lung tumor she has her last visit with doctor with the family. The family was shocked with the news that metastatic lung cancer was suspected. Due to worsened condition, she was suffering with intestinal obstruction, vomiting and difficulty in breathing. She came to know of her worse condition and denied to seek medical and surgical treatment. Laparotomy was performed, nasogastric tube and urinary catheter passed. Patient was refusing to any treatment which put the physician family in a complicated situation. They wanted to respect and honor her own wishes but on the other hand they also encouraged her to taking the treatments. Meanwhile, the medical team informed her family with an incurable diagnose. The family was nervous and requested the physician to hide this bad news from the patient. She was trusted that her disease is curable. A week later, was a wedding ceremony of her daughter and her family planned wedding her discharge from the hospital. Her family and physician were alert of her diagnosis but both were hiding the truth about her condition. They obscured the truth and this created a painful situation for the family and concerning health care professional. Veracity: Healthcare should tell the truth about terminal illness. Autonomy: The principle of autonomy states is individual right to make decisions. Social, political and ethical morals concepts that give individuals the right to make their own choices. Patient’s autonomy should be respected in any circumstances. In this case, autonomy is not respected by the family and Healthcare provider and the patient was unaware of her lung cancer which is terminal diagnose.   CrossLinks International Publishers 2021-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/3 10.54393/nrs.v1i01.3 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2021: Volume 01 Issue 01; 34-37 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v1i01 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/3/3 10.54393/nrs.v1i01.3.g3 Copyright (c) 2021 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/4 2023-02-14T14:09:26Z nrs:O.A driver

The Assessment of Knowledge and lifestyle modification among people with Hypertension: Knowledge and Lifestyle Modification Arif, Mubashra Saddique, Humaira Sidra Tasneem, Syeda Knowledge and Lifestyle Modification High or elevated blood pressure is referred to as hypertension, which is a problem for public health. Objectives: To the assessment of knowledge and lifestyle modification among people with hypertension at Jinnah hospital. Methods: A Descriptive Cross Sectional Research Study Design was used to assess the lifestyle modification among people with hypertension. The convenient sampling technique was used to gather the information from population. Clients diagnosed of hypertension and who regularly met appointment dates at the Outpatients Departments for at least nine months duration were included in this study. Results: The Knowledge was assessed by knowledge questionnaire. The descriptive analysis was done. Cranach alpha, Bartlett’s and KMO and Kolmogorov Smirnov Test values have been checked to insure the validity in our context. A Descriptive Cross Sectional research design was used. A total of 300 respondents were conveniently sampled for this study. The overall results of this study show that peoples have knowledge, but they do not implement on their selves and lack of practice also affects high blood pressure. Conclusions: In this study, the prevalence of lifestyle change among hypertensive patients was generally low. There is a lack of practice and awareness of lifestyle change among hypertensive patients. Patients should implement their knowledge regarding hypertension. Patient should be informed about suggested lifestyle changes that may help them to control their blood pressure. CrossLinks International Publishers 2021-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/4 10.54393/nrs.v1i01.4 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2021: Volume 01 Issue 01; 18-22 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v1i01 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/4/8 10.54393/nrs.v1i01.4.g8 Copyright (c) 2021 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/5 2023-02-14T13:53:54Z nrs:O.A driver

Assess The Effect of Workload On Patient Safety and Quality of Care: Workload on Patient Safety and Quality of Care Saleem, Shamsa Saddique, Humaira Sidra Tasneem, Syeda Jabeen, Rubina Nursing Workload, Patient Safety, Quality of Care The workload remained one of the major problems in the health care system. All Health professionals dealing with this issue of increased workload such as doctors, nurses, Paramedic’s etc. Objective: To assess the effect of workload on patient safety and quality of care in the medical and surgical units of Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional research study design was conducted among 178 patients at Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. The convenient sampling technique was used. The population that is targeted was patients of Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. Results: The general finding of the study demonstrated that workload affect the patient safety and quality of care. The descriptive statistics applied, frequency and mean checked, formed for quality, cronbach alpha, bartlett's, KMO and kolmogorov-smirnov test values have been checked to insure the validity and reliability and data normality in our context. The values showed positive and significant results and tools were consider as reliable and valid for performing statistical analysis. Conclusions: The study concluded that nurse to patient ratio is not appropriate. And this inappropriate nurse to patient ratio cause lack of patient safety and decrease quality care. In addition to patient condition and staffing numbers, the structure of the nursing work system also has an impact on nursing workload. The outcomes demonstrated a significant relation between nursing workload and patient safety. CrossLinks International Publishers 2021-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/5 10.54393/nrs.v1i01.5 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2021: Volume 01 Issue 01; 02-06 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v1i01 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/5/5 10.54393/nrs.v1i01.5.g5 Copyright (c) 2021 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/6 2023-02-14T14:04:13Z nrs:O.A driver

Assessment of Perception of Treatment Adherence Among HIV Patients: Perception of Treatment Adherence among HIV Patients Sohail, Meerab Saddique, Humaira Sidra Tasneem, Syeda Batool, Sjida Perception of Treatment Adherence among HIV Patients Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection is surveyed a perplexing issue. It attributes to the transmissibility in addition to its chronicity. Objective: To assess the perception regarding treatment adherence among HIV patients in OPD in Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional research study design was conducted among 137 patients at Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. The convenient sampling technique was used. The population that is targeted was only the patients of Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. Results: The overall result of this study shows that majority of the people have very poor perception about the treatment, and few people have good perception. Conclusions: The current study demonstrated that majority of the people had bad perception due to many reason that could be limited support from family, society, stigmatization and low self- esteem. Some people have moderate perception they were responding to the treatment but somehow faced rejection from society. It improved by changing their perception and motivating them. And very low number of people had good perception, they had the to restore their health by receiving the treatment and followed the physician advice CrossLinks International Publishers 2021-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/6 10.54393/nrs.v1i01.6 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2021: Volume 01 Issue 01; 23-27 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v1i01 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/6/7 10.54393/nrs.v1i01.6.g7 Copyright (c) 2021 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/7 2023-02-14T13:58:11Z nrs:O.A driver

Perception of Transformational and Transactional Leadership Behavior Among Staff Nurses in A Private Hospital: Transformational and Transactional Leadership Khalid, Madiha Firdos, Farzana Robin, Rehana Rafique, Robin Asif, Muhammad Transactional Leadership, Transformational Leadership, Nurses Nurses are the backbone of hospital and nurse leaders and managers had a great influence on retention, performance, and job satisfaction of staff nurses. Objective: To explore the perception of leadership behavior among staff nurses in a private hospital. Nursing leaders control and assume the responsibility of an organization and use effective strategies to set and achieve passionate goals and objectives. In addition, nursing leaders and managers create a safe and supportive work environment for the employees. Methods: A descriptive, cross sectional research design was used to assess the perception of leadership behavior among staff nurses in a private hospital. Convenient sampling technique was used for selection of participants. A total number of 86 registered nurses and nursing team leaders were selected for study. Results: The findings of this study presented that staff nurses prefer transformational leadership style over transactional leadership style. Transformational   leadership has a positive influence on staff nurses. There is no association between transformational leadership and demographic characteristics of respondents. In addition, transactional leadership style also has no association with demographic characteristics of respondents. Conclusion: Transformational and transactional leadership style promotes the performance of nurses. Nurses’ job satisfaction increased the job performance of staff nurses. It is the great need of health care system to develop positive and adaptive behavior among nurses. CrossLinks International Publishers 2021-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/7 10.54393/nrs.v1i01.7 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2021: Volume 01 Issue 01; 12-17 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v1i01 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/7/4 10.54393/nrs.v1i01.7.g4 Copyright (c) 2021 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/8 2023-02-14T14:06:13Z nrs:edt driver

Inaugural Message from Editor-in-Chief Riffat, Mehboob We are pleased to announce the inaugural issue to mark the beginning of the Nursearcher: Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences with great pleasure and expectation. I would like to give a very warm welcome to the readership of Nursearcher on behalf of the editorial team. I would want to take this opportunity to thank our authors, editors, and reviewers who have all contributed their time to help the launching of the journal succeed. The topics covered in the journal but not limited to: nursing education, community nursing, specialist nursing topics, policies in nursing and health care, ethical issues, health care systems, health care management, pediatrics nursing, palliative care and taking care of elderly population, simulations and skill labs in nursing, first aid, handling of emergency cases, nursing role in COVID-19 and other infectious diseases, family planning, birth control, gynaecology and related disciplines. Since many real-world problems are complex in nature, we especially appreciate submissions that adopt a multidisciplinary/convergent approach and can demonstrate near-term practical usefulness. Nursearcher provides a valuable forum for the exchange of information on all of the aforementioned subjects and more, in a variety of formats, including full-length original articles, review articles, case reports, systematic reviews, meta-analysis, case series, short commentaries, opinion articles and letter to editors. I close this message by inviting everyone to submit their intriguing research to Nursearcher. We are therefore devoted to disseminating all findings, techniques, tools, and reviews that materially enhance the study of nursing. Once more, let me extend a warm welcome to this journal—your journal! I anticipate highly promising prospects for Nursearcher to serve science and the scientific community even better with your help as authors, reviewers, and editors. In the long run, we will enhance more lives and, as a result, our communities. We hope to hear from you soon, and we welcome your feedback! CrossLinks International Publishers 2021-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/8 10.54393/nrs.v1i01.8 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2021: Volume 01 Issue 01; 01 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v1i01 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/8/6 10.54393/nrs.v1i01.8.g6 Copyright (c) 2021 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/9 2023-02-14T15:28:25Z nrs:O.A driver

Knowledge of Elderly Hypertensive Patients Regarding Dash Diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) For Controlling Blood Pressure at Teaching Hospital Lahore, Pakistan: Knowledge of Elderly Hypertensive Patients Regarding Dash Diet Afzal, Rukhmah Asim Amin, Muhammad Batool, Anum Aziz, Zunaira Ozigi Abdullai, Kabir Knowledge, DASH Diet, Elderly Patient, Hypertensive, Regarding Objective: To assess knowledge of Elderly Hypertensive Patients Regarding Dash (dietary approaches to stop hypertension) Diet for controlling Blood Pressure at Teaching Hospital Lahore. Methods: This descriptive cross section study was conducted at University of Lahore Teaching Hospital Lahore, Lahore Pakistan. Data were collected by self-administered questionnaire, question related to DASH (dietary approaches to stop hypertension) diet. Purposive sampling technique was used to collect data. Structured questionnaire was administered to the patients to collect data for assessing knowledge regarding DASH diet of elderly hypertensive patients. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive as well as inferential statistics using SPSS software (22). The descriptive analysis was performed by using frequencies and percentages. Results: Most of the patients who are diagnosed with hypertension are above the age of 50. People who are graduates have good knowledge instead of illiterate and primary educated people. Majority of the people have very poor knowledge regarding DASH diet and only fewer people have knowledge about the Dash diet. Some people have good knowledge about the meaning of hypertension but very poor knowledge about the use of fresh fruits and vegetables in their diet. Conclusion: It is concluded that elderly hypertensive patients have inadequate knowledge about DASH diet but a very few patients who are graduated know about the DASH diet. CrossLinks International Publishers 2021-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/9 10.54393/nrs.v1i02.9 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2021: Volume 01 Issue 02; 11-16 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v1i02 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/9/11 10.54393/nrs.v1i02.9.g11 Copyright (c) 2021 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/10 2023-02-24T13:30:16Z nrs:O.A driver

Influence of Incentives on Nurses’ Performance: Incentives on Nurses’ Performance Iqbal, Zafar Riaz, Sumaira Incentives, Nursing Staff, Productivity, Performance The various mechanisms that impact and guide our behavior to accomplish a particular objective collectively make up motivation. Objectives: To study the effect of Incentives on Nurses’ performance.  Methods: 111 people in total were chosen as a sample for this study. In the three tertiary hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan, a cross-sectional study with a self-administered structured questionnaire was carried out. Likert Scale has been used as the instrument. After the data was collected, it was analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 software. The results were analyzed in terms of descriptive statistics frequency; percentage were used for data analysis. Results: A total of 101 questionnaires were returned from 111 questionnaires distributed to respondents.  Results of the study revealed that 62% nurses strongly agreed that Appreciation certificates, shields verbal appreciation led to good performance. 91% strongly agreed or agreed that Job satisfaction among nurses’ affects their performance.41% strongly agreed and 51% agreed. Service structure affects job satisfaction which leads to good performance. 93% stayed satisfied with their current performance. Furthermore, 73% were not satisfied services structure and there was an equal level of satisfaction among nurses with their present incentives. Conclusions: The study shows that incentives affect the nurses’ performance which leads to quality care and productivity of the organization. In this research mostly respondents were agreed that incentives are enough in response performance but second highly percentage of respondents were not agreed with current services structure. Both extrinsic and intrinsic incentives improve the nurses’ performance. CrossLinks International Publishers 2021-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/10 10.54393/nrs.v1i02.10 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2021: Volume 01 Issue 02; 17-20 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v1i02 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/10/12 10.54393/nrs.v1i02.10.g12 Copyright (c) 2021 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/11 2023-02-24T13:56:33Z nrs:O.A driver

Assessment of the Knowledge About the Role of Community Members Regarding Solid Waste Management at Ali Raza Abad, Lahore: Knowledge About Solid Waste Management Riaz, Sumaira Iqbal, Zafar Rasool, Ghulam Parveen, Sajida Kalsoom, Saeeda Solid Waste, Community Members, Waste Management, Lahore Solid Waste Management (SWM) is one of the most important challenges that developing countries are facing today. Objectives: To assess knowledge about the role of community members in solid waste management in Ali Raza Abad, Lahore. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study. A total of 60 participants were included. Instruments were consisting of 11 variables. Questionnaires were distributed among the participants of Ali Raza Abad. Data was analyzed on SPSS version 16. Results: 76% don’t know, who is responsible for solid waste management. 71% of participants were don’t know the responsibility of the community regarding solid waste management. Do the community Stakeholders arrange the awareness program regarding solid waste management in your community, 93% replied no. Conclusions: The conclusion of this study was that there is a lack of knowledge of the community about solid waste management. There was a lack of community awareness programs regarding solid waste management. CrossLinks International Publishers 2021-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/11 10.54393/nrs.v1i02.11 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2021: Volume 01 Issue 02; 07-10 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v1i02 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/11/10 10.54393/nrs.v1i02.11.g10 Copyright (c) 2021 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/12 2023-02-14T14:42:24Z nrs:O.A driver

Knowledge of Community Members of Ali Raza Abad Regarding the Role of Government Authorities and Non Government Organization in Solid Waste Management: Knowledge About Solid Waste Management Riaz, Sumaira Iqbal, Zafar Rasool, Ghulam Parveen, Sajida Kalsoom, Saeeda Solid Waste Management, Political Authority, Solid Waste Management Authority Communities have the prime responsibility to reduce the quantity of waste generated; the segregation of waste for this community should have proper knowledge regarding solid waste management. Objectives: To assess knowledge about the role of solid waste management authority, and NGOs in solid waste management in Lahore. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. A questionnaire was designed for this study to gather data from participants. The items of the questionnaire were generated from the literature, and from formal conversations with experts. Results: In this study 91% replied that NGOs were not functioning in the Ali Raza Abad Lahore community. Do the community Stakeholders arrange the awareness program regarding solid waste management in your community, 93% replied no. Conclusions: The conclusion this study was that mostly were don’t know their role regarding solid waste management, the role of the NGOs, and the role of solid waste management authority. The conclusion this study was that mostly were don’t know their role regarding solid waste management, the role of the NGOs, and the role of solid waste management authority. The solid is waste need to urgently manage. People of the community have lack of knowledge about who is the responsible for the solid waste. This is very broad issue which made a source of many other problems that have fatal effect on health as well as whole life. CrossLinks International Publishers 2022-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/12 10.54393/nrs.v2i02.12 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2022: Volume 02 Issue 02; 12-16 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v2i02 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/12/16 10.54393/nrs.v2i02.12.g16 Copyright (c) 2022 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/13 2023-02-14T14:31:46Z nrs:R.A driver

Occupational Exposure to Sharp Instrument Injuries Among Registered Nurses in Public and Private Hospitals of Lahore Pakistan : Exposure to Sharp Instrument Injuries Among Nurses Cheeme, Shamikha Cheema, Umaima Cheema, Umer Occupational Exposure, Injuries, Sharp Instrument, Nurses The purpose of this literature review and analysis report is to expose occupational exposure to sharp instrument injuries among registered nurses in public and private hospitals of Lahore Pakistan and associated factors related to sharp instrument injuries among nurses in public and private hospitals of Lahore Pakistan. Nurses are exposed to various risk factors and risky Behaviour that may seriously affect their health and ability to work. Despite recent technological advances such as safety-engineered devices (SEDs), these injuries continue to occur in healthcare facilities worldwide. The searches were restricted to papers published from 2015 to the present, those written in English, and those using the keywords exposure, hospital, doctor, nurse, and sharp injuries or needle stick injuries. CrossLinks International Publishers 2021-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/13 10.54393/nrs.v1i02.13 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2021: Volume 01 Issue 02; 02-06 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v1i02 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/13/9 10.54393/nrs.v1i02.13.g9 Copyright (c) 2021 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/14 2023-02-14T14:36:51Z nrs:O.A driver

Knowledge of Information and Communication Technologies among Nursing Students of College of Nursing, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore: Knowledge of Information and Communication Technologies Noor, Nazi Ijaz, Madiha Shahbaz, Maham Shafiq, Maliha ., Momna Knowledge, Technologies, Nursing, Information Information and communication technology is an effective way in attainment of high quality education. The nursing students must understand ICT and be able to use it effectively in the classroom. Objectives: To determine the knowledge of ICT among nursing students of College of Nursing, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Jinnah Hospital Lahore. Methods: A questionnaire based quantitative cross sectional study was conducted in College of Nursing, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Jinnah Hospital Lahore which was selected using convenient sampling technique. Questionnaire comprised of demographic data and knowledge of ICT facilities was distributed among 100 nurses. One hundred nursing students returned completely filled questionnaire with response rate of 100 percent. Data was analyzed using SPSS statistics IBM 25. Results: Students have good knowledge about ICT, but their use is limited Most of the students were of the view that ICT increases their interest towards the lecture about 33%. Conclusions: Respondents have good knowledge regarding ICT; however they did not use ICT tools in learning effectively. Nursing students did not know the meaning of ICT at all. The better recalling of previous lecture with the help of ICT was seen in nursing students CrossLinks International Publishers 2021-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/14 10.54393/nrs.v1i02.14 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2021: Volume 01 Issue 02; 21-25 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v1i02 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/14/13 10.54393/nrs.v1i02.14.g13 Copyright (c) 2021 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/15 2023-02-14T14:51:16Z nrs:R.A driver

Analysis of a Health Care Delivery System of Pakistan and Canada: Health Care Delivery System of Pakistan and Canada Ghafoor, Yasmeen Ghafoor, Samreena Bilal, Awais Health Care, System, Analysis, Pakistan, Canada Health care is an important sector of any country as it is related with public health. This article compares the healthcare delivery systems of two countries, Pakistan and Canada, with the aim of identifying similarities and differences and making recommendations for improvement. The study was conducted using a comparative approach, examining the healthcare systems' structures, policies, processes, and outcomes. The findings suggest that while both countries have strengths and weaknesses in their healthcare delivery systems, Canada's system is more comprehensive, with a higher level of access, quality, and equity. The study highlights the need for Pakistan to improve its healthcare system by increasing the availability of resources, strengthening the healthcare infrastructure, and ensuring the quality of care. The authors also suggest that Canada can improve its system by focusing on reducing healthcare costs, improving the efficiency of its system, and increasing access to care. This article provides valuable insights into the healthcare delivery systems of both countries and serves as a reference for policymakers and healthcare professionals seeking to improve the health outcomes of their populations. CrossLinks International Publishers 2022-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/15 10.54393/nrs.v2i02.15 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2022: Volume 02 Issue 02; 02-06 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v2i02 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/15/14 10.54393/nrs.v2i02.15.g14 Copyright (c) 2022 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/16 2023-02-14T14:44:20Z nrs:O.A driver

Validity of Standardized Guidelines of Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump Care Among Nurses on Hospital Stay of Cardiac Patients: Standardized Guidelines of Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump Care Ghafoor, Yasmeen Bilal, Awais Standardized Guidelines, Applicability, Feasibility, Consequence, Transparency Intensive care unit nurses simply need to be aware of monitoring because the intra-aortic balloon pump is a mechanical device that boosts the myocardial oxygen perfusion and cardiac output in cardiac patients. In our country, there were no written guidelines for nurses on how to check the patient properly. Objectives: To check the validity of standardized guidelines in small groups of nurses to provide interventions for preventing possible complications to reduce the length of stay in intensive care units. Methods: A Pilot study was carried out on 10 % of the total number of nurses (10 nurses in the interventional group and 10 in the control group of the implementation of standardized guidelines) who have been working at Punjab institute of cardiology hospital. The pilot study was done to test the applicability, transparency, consequence, and feasibility of the study tool and sequence of quotations to maintain consistency. The necessary modifications were done, and the final form is developed. Results: Reliability of standardized guidelines were excellent after using small group of these guidelines were implemented on large sample size 72 nurses were trained with the help of educational session and booklet made according to guidelines randomized control trail (RCT) according these guidelines nurses provide all care to patient with intra-aortic balloon pump speedy recovery and also reduce the length of stay in cardiac ICU. Conclusion: We concluded that these standardized guidelines should be implemented on a large sample of cardiac intensive care unit nurses.   CrossLinks International Publishers 2022-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/16 10.54393/nrs.v2i02.16 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2022: Volume 02 Issue 02; 21-25 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v2i02 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/16/18 10.54393/nrs.v2i02.16.g18 Copyright (c) 2022 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/19 2023-02-14T14:43:20Z nrs:O.A driver

Nursing Students Knowledge About Utilization of Information and Communication Technologies Facilities at Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan: Utilization of Information and Communication Technologies Facilities Noor, Nazi Ijaz, Madiha Shahbaz, Maham ., Momna ICT Materials, Utilization; Knowledge; Factors Technology is basically the scientific use of knowledge to solve problems practically, which also includes the invention of modern and useful tools and techniques. Objectives: To check the Nursing Students Knowledge About Utilization of Information and Communication Technologies Facilities. Methods: A questionnaire based cross-sectional study was conducted among nursing students. Questionnaire comprised of different question regarding the factors influencing ICT usage and nursing students knowledge towards the use of ICT. The questionnaire was distributed among hundred nursing students. Results: Students have good knowledge about ICT, but their use is limited. ICT facilities like photocopier, printer, E-library and functional ICT laboratories were lacking. Unreliable power supply, a lack of ICT technical support, and a lack of managerial encouragement were identified as the culprits. Conclusions: ICT resources were scarce, and there were no basic amenities. The use of ICT is largely impacted by unstable power supplies, a lack of technical assistance for ICT, and a lack of management motivation and support. CrossLinks International Publishers 2022-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/19 10.54393/nrs.v2i02.19 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2022: Volume 02 Issue 02; 17-20 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v2i02 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/19/17 10.54393/nrs.v2i02.19.g17 Copyright (c) 2022 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/20 2023-02-14T14:41:13Z nrs:O.A driver

Knowledge Attitude and Practice Factors on Parents Regarding Immunization: KAP Analysis of Parents Regarding Immunization Shahzadi, Alina Saddique, Humaira Tasneem Kousar, Syeda Jabeen, Rubina ., Kalim Ullah Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Parents, Immunization Immunization is a process by which people get immunity against infectious diseases. Objective: To assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Factors of parents regarding immunization. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional research study design was used to assess “knowledge, attitude and practice factors of parents regarding immunization” conducted among 134 people at EPI center of Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. The population was targeted through convenient sampling technique. Results: The overall result of study shown that parents having good knowledge (70.1%), positive attitude (83.6%) and good practice factors (59%), toward infant Immunization. Parent of child had good knowledge and positive attitude about infant immunization. Immunization was significantly associated with people education. The Cronbach alpha, Bartlett’s and KMO values have been checked to ensure the validity and reliability in our context. The values showed that positive and significant results and tool were considered as reliable and valid for performing statistical analysis. Conclusions: The findings of this study showed that the most of the participants have good knowledge and positive attitude towards the immunization, but still the one third population having the poor knowledge and negative attitude toward immunization due to the lack of knowledge and religious beliefs about the immunization were reported as the major barriers towards the immunization. The study results showed that health related practice factors were appropriate as health care worker who were daily at EPI center and give significant guidance to the parents. CrossLinks International Publishers 2022-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/20 10.54393/nrs.v2i02.20 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2022: Volume 02 Issue 02; 07-11 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v2i02 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/20/15 10.54393/nrs.v2i02.20.g15 Copyright (c) 2022 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/21 2023-02-18T15:30:35Z nrs:edt driver

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Nursing Profession Tauseef, Ambreen The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the healthcare system and the nursing profession, exposing both the strengths and weaknesses of our healthcare system. Nurses, who make up the largest segment of the healthcare workforce, have been on the front lines of this pandemic, providing care to those who are sick, and working tirelessly to keep themselves and their patients safe. In this editorial, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the nursing profession, and the need for immediate action to support and protect nurses is discussed as they continue to provide essential care to those in need. The COVID-19 pandemic has put an enormous strain on the nursing profession, as nurses have been called upon to provide care to a rapidly increasing number of patients. This has required nurses to work long hours, often under challenging and hazardous conditions, and to adapt to rapidly changing protocols and guidelines. The stress and strain of this work has taken a toll on the mental and physical health of many nurses, who have been at increased risk of exposure to the virus due to their close contact with infected patients. In addition to the physical and emotional toll of this work, nurses have also faced significant economic challenges, including reduced hours, pay cuts, and job loss. This has left many nurses struggling to make ends meet and to support themselves and their families. The COVID-19 pandemic has also highlighted the need for increased support and resources for the nursing profession, including better personal protective equipment (PPE), improved working conditions, and access to mental health resources. The shortage of PPE, particularly during the early stages of the pandemic, was a major concern for nurses, and many reported feeling unprepared and at increased risk of exposure to the virus. In addition, the pandemic has also exposed the need for increased investment in the nursing profession, including increased funding for nursing education, research, and the development of new technologies that can help nurses provide high-quality care. This includes the need for increased access to telehealth technologies, which can help nurses provide care to patients in remote and underserved areas, and the development of new tools and technologies that can help reduce the spread of infectious diseases. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the nursing profession has also reinforced the need for better working conditions and increased job security for nurses. This includes the need for fair pay, flexible scheduling, and access to paid time off, including paid sick leave [1]. In conclusion, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the nursing profession has been significant, and has exposed the need for immediate action to support and protect nurses as they continue to provide essential care to those in need. This includes increased investment in the nursing profession, improved working conditions and job security, and access to mental health resources. As a society, we must do everything in our power to support and protect our nurses, who play a critical role in the healthcare system, and who are working tirelessly to care for those in need. CrossLinks International Publishers 2022-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/21 10.54393/nrs.v2i02.21 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2022: Volume 02 Issue 02; 01 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v2i02 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/21/19 10.54393/nrs.v2i02.21.g19 Copyright (c) 2022 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/22 2023-02-18T15:29:42Z nrs:edt driver

Role of Nurses in Intensive Care Unit Perveen, Kousar Critical care nurses provide most of the direct care to patients in life-threatening situations within the intensive care unit. ICU nurses commonly provide care to patients suffering from cardiac disease, brain injuries, accident victims, and patients recovering from complex surgeries that need frequently nursing care. The ICU nurse is the primary responsible for the care taking and treatment of patient’s within an unstable and/or critical clinical situation. The nurse manages and coordinates nursing care through an in-depth and ongoing assessment, therapies and high-intensity interventions. In the Intensive Care Unit, a nurse takes crucial clinical decisions based on the best available scientific evidence, clinical experience and patient preferences. Intensive care unit nurses work very closely with physicians and other members of the health care team. They need to be skilled to assess patients’ problems quickly and capable to use high-tech equipment. They use their advanced skills to care for patients who are critically ill and at high risk for life-threatening health problems. Critical care nurses or ICU nurses must be physically, mentally, and emotionally strong to work with seriously ill patients and their loved ones. Most patients in a critical care unit are physically and mentally unstable and they require respiratory and heart monitoring as well as treatment adjustments. The nurse is equipped with advanced skills that enable him to carry out specific, autonomous or complementary interventions of a technical-scientific, managerial, relational and educational nature; she/he plans healthcare assistance through scientifically validated tools; she/he identifies, analyzes, calculates and treats risks related to care provision by systematically evaluating healthcare outcomes. In this complicated environment, the individual clinical act acquires substantial importance in the overall care process and must be based on continuous education to ensure a safe and quality treatment. They are responsible for all care given to the patient, from medication administration to tracheotomy and other ventilator care, as well as constant monitoring of the patient for any alterations in their status. Responsibilities include monitoring, assessment, vital sign monitoring, ventilator management, medication administration, intravenous insertion and infusion, central line care, Swan-Ganz catheters, and maintenance of a running record of the patient’s status. He or she must be prepared at all times to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation and other lifesaving techniques. CrossLinks International Publishers 2022-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/22 10.54393/nrs.v2i01.22 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2022: Volume 02 Issue 01; 01 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v2i01 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/22/22 10.54393/nrs.v2i01.22.g22 Copyright (c) 2022 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/23 2023-03-21T15:04:12Z nrs:edt driver

The Role of Nurses in Promoting Public Health and Disease Prevention Badil, . Nurses play a vital role in promoting public health and preventing the spread of disease. As healthcare professionals who are often the first point of contact with patients, nurses are in a unique position to educate, screen, and refer individuals for further care and treatment. They are also instrumental in promoting healthy behaviors and lifestyles that can reduce the risk of chronic diseases and illnesses. One of the key ways in which nurses can promote public health is by educating patients about healthy lifestyles and disease prevention. For example, they can provide information about healthy eating habits, physical activity, and stress management, which can reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. Nurses can also provide screening and preventive services, such as blood pressure checks, vaccinations, and antenatal care which can help to identify health problems early and reduce the risk of serious illnesses considerably. In addition to working with individual patients, nurses can also render a crucial role in community health promotion and disease prevention including they can work with community organizations to organize health fairs, workshops, and other events that promote healthy behaviors and lifestyles. They can also participate in public health campaigns, such as those aimed at reducing the spread of infectious diseases, such as influenza and COVID-19 [1]. Another important aspect of public health promotion is disaster preparedness and response. Nurses are often on the front lines of responding to natural disasters and other emergencies, and they play a crucial role in ensuring that the public remains healthy and safe during these events. They can help to coordinate medical care and provide essential supplies, such as food, water, and shelter, to those in need. Additionally, they can work with public health agencies to develop and implement plans for responding to public health emergencies. Furthermore, in promoting public health, nurses can also play an important role in reducing healthcare costs. By providing preventive care and promoting healthy behaviors, they can help to reduce the need for more expensive medical treatments and hospitalizations. For example, by educating patients about healthy lifestyle choices and providing preventive screening services, they can help to detect and treat health problems early, before they become more serious and require more costly interventions. In conclusion, the role of nurses in promoting public health and disease prevention is essential to maintaining the health and well-being of individuals and communities. By educating patients, providing preventive care, and participating in public health initiatives, nurses are helping to create healthier communities and reduce the burden of chronic diseases and illnesses. It is critical that we support and invest in the nursing profession to ensure that they have the resources and training they need to continue to make a positive impact on public health. CrossLinks International Publishers 2021-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/23 10.54393/nrs.v1i02.23 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2021: Volume 01 Issue 02 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v1i02 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/23/21 10.54393/nrs.v1i02.23.g21 Copyright (c) 2021 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/24 2023-03-04T11:40:12Z nrs:O.A driver

Assessment of Knowledge of Nurses and Midwives regarding Immediate Newborn Care : Knowledge of Nurses regarding Immediate Newborn Care Begum, Rubina Riaz, Sumaira Munir, Adil Ghaffar, Tahira Bibi, Samina Immediate Care, Newborn, Labor, Nurses, Knowledge Knowledge is the fundamental aspect of every health care organization. to devotion to necessary of immediate newborn care. At hospital-based level resuscitation is the first step for the prevention of complication in newborn. Objective: To assess the knowledge of nurses and midwives regarding immediate newborn care. Methods: Data was collected from 200 nurses and midwives from two maternity hospitals (Lady Willingdon hospital and Lady Aitchison hospital) Lahore using structured based questionnaire. A hospital based descriptive study design was conducted in labor rooms of two maternity hospitals of Lahore. Results: The result showed that, study population had a fair knowledge level in spite of this; their performance level of practices was poor towards immediate care of the newborn. Conclusions: The study showed that nurses and midwives performed well below the expertise levels of knowledge and skills regarding immediate care of the newborn This assessment highlighted that there is very extreme need of training and education for nurses and midwives and episodic assessment to tackle gaps and develop overwhelmed continuing modules for education CrossLinks International Publishers 2022-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/24 10.54393/nrs.v2i01.24 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2022: Volume 02 Issue 01; 06-10 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v2i01 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/24/25 10.54393/nrs.v2i01.24.g25 Copyright (c) 2022 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/25 2023-02-24T13:57:54Z nrs:O.A driver

Examining the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Nurses and Midwives in Lahore, Pakistan for Immediate Newborn Care in Labour Rooms: Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Nurses Midwives Begum, Rubina Riaz, Sumaira Munir, Adil Ghaffar, Tahira Bibi, Samina Knowledge, Practice, Attitude, Nurse Knowledge is the fundamental aspect of every health care organization. to devotion to necessary of immediate newborn care. Objective: To assess the information, attitude, and practices of nurses and midwifery staff  in two maternity hospitals in Lahore regarding abrupt newborn care. Methods: Data were collected from 200 participants using a structured questionnaire. The results indicated that while the study population had fair knowledge, their performance level in terms of practices towards immediate newborn care was poor. Results: The findings suggest a significant need for training and education for nurses and midwives in this area. The participants had high levels of knowledge and practice, but their attitudes were highly skewed to the right, indicating a potentially problematic distribution. Conclusion: The  information of nurses’ midwives regarding instant care of the newborn in labour room was reasonable 53% performance of the participants were poor. Worldwide precautions are not fallowed properly in these two mentioned hospital. Overall, this study highlights the importance of ongoing education for healthcare professionals to ensure the best possible care for newborns. CrossLinks International Publishers 2021-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/25 10.54393/nrs.v1i02.25 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2021: Volume 01 Issue 02; 26-29 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v1i02 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/25/20 10.54393/nrs.v1i02.25.g20 Copyright (c) 2021 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/26 2023-02-18T15:39:29Z nrs:O.A driver

Conflict Management Among Nurses in Tertiary Care Hospital Lahore: Conflict Management Among Nurses Bashir, Kishwar Shahzadi, Amna Ashraf, Arifa Bashir, Nadia Conflict, Management, Nurses, Avoiding, Collaborating Conflict amongst healthcare workers has been noted as a problem in healthcare settings all around the world. Objective: To analyze the most frequently occurring conflict management strategy utilized by nurses in the hospital setting. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study design was used to carry out this study. The study was conducted in Mayo hospital, Lahore attached to King Edward Medical College, Lahore. Sampling size of 122 cases was calculated with 95% confidence interval and 6% margin of error. Random sampling method was used to collect data from nurses. Data were analyzed through SPSS V.21 using descriptive statistics (frequencies, and percentages). Results: A total of 122 female nurses were recruited and analyzed in this study. Majority of nurses were aged between 25-30 years, 45 (36.8%). This study showed that there are conflicts among nurses in a hospital setting. Comparison of the subjects' conflict management strategy mean scores according to length of time in nursing position revealed differences in frequency of occurrence of the five strategies. The strategy of avoiding was the most frequently utilized behavior in all categories except the category of time in position of less than 1 year. The results of this descriptive study revealed that the most frequently occurring conflict management strategy utilized by this sample was avoiding. Conclusion: Findings of this study conclude that nurses who practice in the hospital setting tend to approach conflict with concern for the other party’s wishes CrossLinks International Publishers 2022-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/26 10.54393/nrs.v2i02.26 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2022: Volume 02 Issue 02; 26-30 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v2i02 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/26/23 10.54393/nrs.v2i02.26.g23 Copyright (c) 2022 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/27 2023-02-18T15:29:42Z nrs:O.A driver

Conflict Management Strategies of Nurses Distributed according to the Age and Length of Time in Position: Conflict Management Among Nurses Bashir, Kishwar Bashir, Nadia Shahzadi, Amna Ashraf, Arifa Conflict Management, Avoiding, Accommodating, Compromising, Competing Healthcare worker conflict has been identified as a global issue in healthcare settings. Objectives: To find how do conflict management strategies rank when distributed according to the selected demographic variables of (a) age or (b) length of time in position? Methods: This study's methodology was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The investigation was carried out at the King Edward Medical College-affiliated Mayo Hospital in Lahore. Using a 6% margin of error and a 95% confidence range, a sample size of 122 cases was estimated. The nurses' information was gathered using a random sample procedure. SPSS V.21 was used to analyze the data, and descriptive statistics were used. Results: For the age category of 21-35 years (15 subjects or 25%), the most frequently utilized strategy was compromising. This strategy was followed by avoiding, accommodating, collaborating, and competing. The strategy of avoiding was the most frequently utilized behavior in all categories except the category of time in position of less than 1 year when considering length of time in nursing position. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of considering age and length of time in nursing position when analyzing conflict management strategies used by nurses in hospital settings. For the age category of 21-35 years, the most common strategy was compromising, followed by avoiding, accommodating, collaborating, and competing. However, the strategy of avoiding was the most frequently utilized behavior in all categories except for those with less than one year of experience. CrossLinks International Publishers 2022-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/27 10.54393/nrs.v2i01.27 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2022: Volume 02 Issue 01; 11-15 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v2i01 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/27/26 10.54393/nrs.v2i01.27.g26 Copyright (c) 2022 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/28 2023-02-18T15:29:42Z nrs:O.A driver

Effect of colostomy care education on self-care among patients with permanent colostomy in a Public Hospital in Lahore: Effect of Colostomy Care Education on Self-Care among Patients Ashraf, Noreen Saleem, Mussarat Munir, Saba Colostomy Self-Care, Permanent Colostomy Patients, Complications, Colostomy Care Education A colostomy is a surgical opening in the abdomen to create a stoma, a portion of the colon is pushed outside the abdominal wall by which digested food goes into an external pouching system. Objectives: To compare the effect of colostomy care education and standard care on self-care among patients with a permanent colostomy at tertiary care hospital in Lahore. Methods: A quasi experimental study was conducted in a public hospital in Lahore, Pakistan. Purposive Sampling technique was used to collect the data. The order within the participants belonging to the control group or intervention group was chosen randomly by the sealed envelope method. Results: In this study, 46 adult patients with permanent colostomy of both genders were included. Patients were divided into two equal groups. The colostomy self-care in the interventional group of patients had increased significantly after the implementation of educational intervention as compared to the control group. Similarly, the complications in the interventional group have decreased due to self-care practices as compared to the control group. Conclusions: Educational interventions can increase the level of self-care which may ultimately decrease the risk of complications after a colostomy. Educating the patients with coping strategies after colostomy can help in keeping the stoma healthy, maintaining lifestyle and also reducing the risk of postoperative complications CrossLinks International Publishers 2022-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/28 10.54393/nrs.v2i01.28 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2022: Volume 02 Issue 01; 02-05 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v2i01 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/28/24 10.54393/nrs.v2i01.28.g24 Copyright (c) 2022 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/29 2023-02-25T15:38:15Z nrs:O.A driver

Complications and Outcomes of Septicemia in Urinary Tract Infection: Septicemia in UTI Tariq, Akram Asif, Hina Khalid, Sidra Tanvir, Imrana Urinary Tract Infection, Septicemia, Patients Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common bacterial infection that can progress to septicemia, a serious and potentially life-threatening condition. Septicemia occurs when bacteria from an infection in one part of the body spread to the bloodstream and cause a systemic inflammatory response. Early recognition and treatment of septicemia in UTI is crucial to prevent serious complications and improve outcomes. Objective: To explore the complications and outcomes of septicemia in UTI. Methods: The cross-sectional, descriptive, and observational. 101 patients with septicemia due to UTI were enrolled from the medical wards and Accident and Emergency Department of Mayo Hospital Lahore. Liver function tests, renal function tests, and full blood counts were performed on each patient. Data were entered into a Performa created for this study, and the latest SPSS version was used for data analysis. Results: Majority of males and females had normal bilirubin and Na+ and K+ levels. WBCs were high in 13/16 males and14/16 females. Platelets were low in 9/16 males but normal in 9/16 females. Hemoglobin. Conclusions: Septicemia in UTI is a serious and potentially life-threatening complication. Early recognition and treatment of septicemia is crucial to prevent serious complications and improve outcomes CrossLinks International Publishers 2022-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/29 10.54393/nrs.v2i01.29 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2022: Volume 02 Issue 01; 16-19 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v2i01 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/29/27 10.54393/nrs.v2i01.29.g27 Copyright (c) 2022 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/30 2023-02-28T11:34:58Z nrs:O.A driver

Awareness in Nursing Students Regarding Prevention of Needle Stick Injuries: Prevention of Needle Stick Injuries Shabbir Janjua, Shahzaib Hanan, Abdul Sarwar, Hajra Afzal, Muhammad Ali, Amjad Awareness, Needle Stick Injury An unexpected needle stick injury is one of the most common work-related hazards among health care workers, and it contributes to an increased risk of Blood related infection transmission. Students, as a vulnerable team of health providers, are more vulnerable to these deadly infections. In the situation of such blood-borne diseases, healthcare professionals pose a significant risk. Objective: To aware nursing students regarding prevention of needle stick injuries. Methods: This descriptive cross section study was conducted at the Lahore school of Nursing, the University of Lahore, Pakistan. Data were collected by self-administered questionnaire. Convenient sampling technique was used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive as well as inferential statistics using SPSS software (22). The descriptive analysis was performed by using frequencies and percentages. Results: The study results showed “Did you experience needle stick injury?” 49 (64.5%) respond yes and 37 (35.5%) respond no. “Did you reported the NSI Event?” 24 (31.6%) respond yes and 52 (68.4%) respond no. “NSI may lead to significant anxiety for the affected person?” 33 (43.4%) respond yes and 43 (56.6%) respond no. Do you know about needles safety device? 15 (19.7%) respond yes and 61 (80.3%) respond no. Conclusions: Study showed that lack of awareness is one of the major factors for needle stick injury. Moreover, it was clearly evident that nursing students were careless in handling used and contaminated needles which was the greatest cause of needle stick injury. CrossLinks International Publishers 2022-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/30 10.54393/nrs.v2i01.30 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2022: Volume 02 Issue 01; 20-24 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v2i01 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/30/28 10.54393/nrs.v2i01.30.g28 Copyright (c) 2022 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/31 2023-03-07T13:03:08Z nrs:O.A driver

Effect of Work Load of Nurses on Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care: Effect of Work Load of Nurses on Patient Satisfaction Asghar, Shagufta Kousar, Rukhsana Asif, Muhammad Pervez, Saeman Nursing Care, Work Load, Patients, Satisfaction The duty of nurses to provide patients with high-quality care. The most significant factor that continuously affects the patient care by nurses provide to their patients is job satisfaction Nurses work closely with patients, they have a significant impact on the organization's financial health. If nurses give their patients high-quality treatment, the organization's financial health improves. Objective: To find out effect of work load of nurses on patient satisfaction with nursing care. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at DHQ Hospital Muzzafargarh. 150 nurses were selected through convenient sampling technique. All the registered nurses 25- 60 years with more than 2 years of experience were enrolled in current study. the un-willing participants or retired nurses were excluded from currents study. Self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The participant’s basic demographic history, and patient’s satisfaction was collected through the self-administered questionnaire. All the data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS 25.0. descriptive analysis was conducted. Results: The nurses with high work load shows low satisfaction score (34.76+13.06) and low load shows high satisfaction score (52.16+12.39). there was statically significant difference among satisfaction score of patients regrading patient care (P-value<0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded from current study the work load significantly affects the patient care. The reasons of poor patient’s satisfaction in work load, job related stress, poor administration and financial crisis CrossLinks International Publishers 2022-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/31 10.54393/nrs.v2i02.31 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2022: Volume 02 Issue 02; 31-34 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v2i02 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/31/29 10.54393/nrs.v2i02.31.g29 Copyright (c) 2022 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/33 2023-08-04T12:04:47Z nrs:O.A driver

Effects of Absenteeism in Nursing Profession: Effects of Absenteeism in Nursing Profession Pervez, Saeman Kousar, Rukhsana Asghar, Shagufta Work Load, Absenteeism, Nursing Staff, Factors Absenteeism might be a sign of management problems, like low employee morale or a toxic workplace. The nurses' frequent absences from work ultimately have an impact on the hospitals' ability to deliver high-quality treatment due to the workload placed on the other personnel. Objective: To find out the effects of absenteeism in nursing profession. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted at DHQ Hospital Muzaffargarh. The population of current study was 120 registered nurses working in different wards of hospital. The inclusion criteria of currents study were the nurses having at least 1-year experience and have permanent job in hospital. Data were collected through structured questionnaire. It has two parts. 1st part consisted of demographic information and 2nd part consisted of factors contributing to absenteeism. Data were entered and analyzed by using SPSS 25.0. Results: Total 120 nurses were enrolled in current study the mean age of participants were 41.0±3.24 and they had 3.2±2.21 years of experience. Majority of nurses were females (103) and married (87) and lived in rural area (86). The most common factor of absenteeism in increased work load 52(43.3%), managerial issues 51(42.5%), lack of motivation 47(39.1%), favoritism among nurse’s staff by higher authorities 44(36.6%) and not willing to accept allocated duties 39(32.5%). Conclusions: The main reasons for absence, according to a recent research, are lack of interest, high workload, stress, and family issues. By addressing staff members' issues, nurse managers can lower absenteeism. CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/33 10.54393/nrs.v3i01.33 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2023: Volume 03 Issue 01 (January-June 2023); 11-14 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v3i01 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/33/31 10.54393/nrs.v3i01.33.g31 Copyright (c) 2023 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/35 2023-07-15T10:02:17Z nrs:O.A driver

Influence of Nursing Student’s Perception of Clinical learning setting on their Willingness to Care for Elderly Adults’ Patient: Influence of Nursing Student’s Perception Qumer, Muhammad Fatima, Tayyaba Perception, Nursing Students, Elderly, Ageism, Prejudice, Regression Analysis Due to aging population, nursing students will be particularly inclined to work with the elderly right after graduation. Objective: To assess the influence of Pakistani nursing students' views of the clinical learning setting and clinical-oriented attributes on their future desire to care for geriatric patients is crucial to determine. Methods: A study population consisted of 297 nursing students was questioned using questionnaires to investigate the influence of student nurses' perceptions of the clinical instructional setting in clinical area on their desire to care for older individuals; The Elderly Care Awareness Questionnaire (ECAQ) scale and the Clinical Learning Environment and Supervisory (CLES) scale. Results: The total CLES score was good-moderate (mean = 3.57, SD = 0.40). With 50.5 percent of the variance, regression analysis demonstrates a strong association between nursing students' clinical learning setting and their desire to provide care for old individuals (R2 = 0.505, F (1,295) = 300.473, p = 0.000). All seven categories of the CLES questionnaire revealed a strong correlation between nursing students' motivation to care for elderly patients. Conclusions: Learning atmosphere & administrative and executive style showed strongest relationship with nursing student desire to care for elderly adults. Nursing students' perceptions of the clinical learning setting were significantly influenced by their age and year of study. CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/35 10.54393/nrs.v3i01.35 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2023: Volume 03 Issue 01 (January-June 2023); 02-06 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v3i01 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/35/32 10.54393/nrs.v3i01.35.g32 Copyright (c) 2023 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/36 2023-09-06T09:53:33Z nrs:O.A driver

Septicemia Due to Bed Sores in Patients Admitted at Mayo Hospital Lahore: Septicemia in Patients due to Bed Sores Azhar, Zoya Alwazzan, Ahmad Tanvir, Imrana Shahid, Imran Khalid, Sidra Septicemia, Bed Sores, AST, ALT In Pakistan infections, including septicemia and pneumonia, are the leading causes of hospital mortality, followed by malignancy and cardiovascular causes. Objectives: To find the frequency of septicemia in patients due to bed sores in Mayo Hospital Lahore. Methods: A cross-sectional research was carried out, and 101 septicemia-diagnosed patients from Mayo Hospital Lahore's different wards were included. The septicemia caused by bed ulcers was assessed. Hematological profile of patients were assessed. Results: Septicemia due to bed sores was seen in 18 patients out of which 9 were males and 9 were females. Bilirubin was low in males and females. Blood glucose was high in 6/9 males and normal in 5/9 females. Blood urea was high in majority of males and females. Conclusions: Septicemia due to bed sores was seen in patients. WBC, ALP and blood urea was high due to septicemia cause by bed sores. Platelets, ALT and AST were normal   CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/36 10.54393/nrs.v3i01.36 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2023: Volume 03 Issue 01 (January-June 2023); 07-10 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v3i01 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/36/33 10.54393/nrs.v3i01.36.g33 Copyright (c) 2023 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/37 2023-07-05T13:30:28Z nrs:edt driver

The Evolving Role of Nurses in Patient-Centered Care Riffat, Mehboob As the healthcare landscape continues to evolve, so too does the role of nurses in providing patient-centered care. Gone are the days when nurses were solely seen as assistants to physicians. Today, nurses play a vital and dynamic role in shaping healthcare outcomes, making significant contributions to the overall patient experience. With their holistic approach, empathetic nature, and clinical expertise, nurses have become key drivers in delivering personalized care that puts patients at the center. The evolving role of nurses in patient-centered care is characterized by their increased autonomy and decision-making authority. Nurses are no longer confined to following strict protocols but are actively involved in care planning, assessment, and coordination. This expanded scope of practice empowers nurses to develop personalized care plans that address the unique needs and preferences of individual patients, fostering a stronger therapeutic alliance. Furthermore, nurses have become integral members of interdisciplinary healthcare teams. Their ability to collaborate and communicate effectively with other healthcare professionals ensures seamless coordination of care and promotes continuity across different settings. Nurses act as advocates for patients, facilitating dialogue and ensuring that their voices are heard in the decision-making process. This collaborative approach fosters a culture of patient-centeredness and enhances the overall quality of care delivered. Another significant aspect of the evolving role of nurses is the integration of technology in patient-centered care. Nurses are now proficient in using various digital tools, electronic health records, and telehealth platforms. These technological advancements enable nurses to collect and analyze patient data more efficiently, monitor vital signs remotely, and provide timely interventions. By leveraging technology, nurses can deliver care that is both personalized and evidence-based, optimizing patient outcomes. The evolving role of nurses in patient-centered care marks a paradigm shift in healthcare delivery. With their expanded scope of practice, interdisciplinary collaboration, and integration of technology, nurses have emerged as leaders in shaping the patient experience. By placing patients at the center of care and tailoring interventions to their unique needs, nurses ensure that healthcare remains truly patient-centered. As the healthcare landscape continues to evolve, it is imperative that we recognize and support the pivotal role nurses play in championing patient-centered care for better health outcomes. CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/37 10.54393/nrs.v3i01.37 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2023: Volume 03 Issue 01 (January-June 2023); 01 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v3i01 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/37/30 10.54393/nrs.v3i01.37.g30 Copyright (c) 2023 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/39 2024-01-23T05:44:40Z nrs:Cmntry driver

Nursing Shortage in Pakistan: Nursing Shortage in Pakistan Hassan, Sana Nurses, shortage, health care The health workforce including Medical, Nursing and Allied Health Professionals is the foundation of any health care system. Investment in the health sector reduces disease burden, improves productivity and ultimately contributes positively in economic growth of the country. Pakistan is generally confronted with dire shortage of qualified health professionals especially the nursing staff that is the backbone of every healthcare systems across the world. Nurses have incredible contribution in assisting the doctors in every aspect of patient care, thus ensuring that individuals receive the best possible care at all stages [1]. The nursing profession continues to face shortages due to a lack of potential educators, high turnover, and inequitable workforce distribution. The nursing staff employed in the hospitals is primarily responsible to provide all kind of nursing care to the admitted patients i.e., monitoring of vital signs, fluid management, and administration of medication in line with the orders of the attending physicians. Nurses are also responsible to monitor the nutrition intake, look after personal hygiene of patients and care of bowels, prevention of bedsores etc., maintain medical record and ensure the ambiance conducive to recovery. Their role therefore, requires essential nursing skills, apart from commitment and vigor. There are however, issues of quality in nursing education, particularly regarding development of proficiency in basic nursing & midwifery skills [2]. Nursing Institutions lack in quality output, due to deficiencies in nursing faculty, infrastructure and professional supervision. It is expedient to remain abreast with contemporary advancements in nursing education and practices to produce competent and skillful nursing workforce for better clinical outcomes.   According to the Pakistan Economic Survey 2020-2021, Pakistan had a total of 116,659 registered nurses in 2020 for a population of about 200 million people. In the general wards of Pakistani hospitals, the current nurse-patient ratio is 1: 40, while the Pakistan Nursing Council recommends a nurse-patient ratio of 3:10 [3].   The deficiency in the actual number of nurses rendering services is further aggravated by positions remaining vacant due to shortage of skilled nurses, thus compromising quality of nursing care. This shortage in nursing strength is also worsened by an urge to move overseas particularly the Gulf countries, as large number of nurses opt for employment abroad for better financial incentives [4]. The situation is even worst in the private sector particularly, in the smaller hospitals that end up with hiring semi- qualified and poorly trained or self-trained staff on meager salary and poor employment terms on the pre-text of shortage of qualified nurses. Larger private setups often resort to make shift arrangements by engaging nurses employed in the public hospital for second shift. Such nurses are therefore, required to work for up to 16 hours a day, thus, further compromising quality of care.   It is highly recommended to increase the number of nursing training opportunities and slots to overcome this serious shortfall and to ensure availability of sufficient number of nurses in the public as well as private sector to comply with the recommended Nurse: Bed ratio and to fill vacancies as per the sanctioned strength in public hospitals on priority basis. Also to improve the training facilities at Nursing Colleges in terms of qualified faculty and proper infrastructure to improve quality of training of the nursing cadre. Introduction of Continuous Professional Development (CPD) Programs for nurses with mandatory completion of credit hours on regular basis for continually building the skills and improving the quality of nursing and midwifery services can also prove to be a great initiative [5]. Enrolling more male nurses can help provide nursing care at hospitals located in the relatively hard to reach areas. CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/39 10.54393/nrs.v3i01.39 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2023: Volume 03 Issue 01 (January-June 2023); 24-25 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v3i01 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/39/34 10.54393/nrs.v3i01.39.g34 Copyright (c) 2023 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/40 2023-07-15T13:13:02Z nrs:O.A driver

Study on Association of Stress with Insomnia in University Students: Stress with Insomnia Ashfaq, Farah Hayee, Sara Wali Muhammad, Shahida Sarwar, Sadia Insomnia, Stress, Headache A sleep problem called insomnia causes difficulty falling and/or staying asleep. The disorder can be either short-lived (acute) or persistent (chronic). Objective: To evaluate the study on association of stress related problems with insomnia and to evaluating the percentage of females who take stress and also, they have headache. Methods: We conducted a perspective study and cross-sectional survey of the different departments of Lahore College for Women University, Lahore with stratified sampling design, applied to total sample n= 300. The study was conducted on group A (n= 111) females between age of 15 to 20 years. The second group B of age group between 21 to 28 years which include 189 females (n= 189). Demographic measurements such as weight, height, BMI was taken of all subjects. Stress, insomniac patient, headache, NSAIDs taking was reported via questionnaire. All the data were collected and analyzed. Results: In group A 77% females take stress and in group B 82% females take stress out of 111 with (p< 0.001). Due to stress 23% females are insomniac patient in group A and in group B 27% females are insomniac patient (p< 0.001). The 64% females have headache due to stress in group A and 72 in group B with (p<0.001). The 32% females use NSAIDs in group A and 45% in group B with (p<0.001). Conclusions: It is concluded that the stress is harmful for any age group of females. The stress is the main cause of insomnia. Therefore, stress should not take. If the stress increases then the headache factor also increases. CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/40 10.54393/nrs.v3i01.40 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2023: Volume 03 Issue 01 (January-June 2023); 15-18 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v3i01 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/40/35 10.54393/nrs.v3i01.40.g35 Copyright (c) 2023 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/41 2023-07-15T13:12:58Z nrs:O.A driver

Nurse's Knowledge Regarding Blood Transfusion in a Tertiary Care Hospital Karachi, Pakistan: Nurse's Knowledge Regarding Blood Transfusion Shaikh, Muhammad Hasnain Bibi, Afsha Ali, Rizwan Nurses, Knowledge, Blood, Transfusion Transferring blood or blood components from a donor to a recipient is a crucial medical operation known as a blood transfusion. It is a frequent treatment used on individuals with various illnesses, such as anemia, bleeding problems, or those having surgery. Objective: To investigate the knowledge of staff nurses of a private tertiary care hospital regarding blood transfusion. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Karachi. Non-probability consecutive sampling technique was used for the approach of the participants' Adopted questionnaire was used for the data collection, which was valid and reliable. Results: Study findings revealed that 58.3% of participants were female and 41.7% were male. Furthermore, results show that among 60 participants, 40% had an average level of knowledge, 35% had poor knowledge, and 25% had high knowledge regarding blood transfusion. Conclusions: In conclusion, a significant proportion of the sample's nurses have poor knowledge of blood transfusion. To increase nurses' knowledge and guarantee the safe and efficient administration of blood transfusions, this emphasizes the necessity for specific educational interventions and ongoing professional development programs. CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/41 10.54393/nrs.v3i01.41 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2023: Volume 03 Issue 01 (January-June 2023); 19-23 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v3i01 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/41/36 10.54393/nrs.v3i01.41.g36 Copyright (c) 2023 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/42 2024-01-07T14:13:14Z nrs:O.A driver

Knowledge of Nurses Regarding Tracheostomy Care in Tertiary Care Hospital Karachi : Nurses Knowledge Regarding Tracheostomy Ali, Rizwan Shaikh, Muhammad Hasnain Bibi, Afsha Khan, Nasar Knowledge Nurses Tracheostomy Care Tracheostomy is a surgical procedure in which a surgical opening, called a tracheostomy or stoma, is created in the front of the neck into the trachea (windpipe). This opening provides an alternative airway for breathing when the normal route through the nose and mouth is obstructed or compromised. Objective: To determine the level of knowledge of staff nurses regarding tracheostomy care in Tertiary Care Hospitals in Karachi. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi. Fifty participants were recruited through a convenient sampling method. The data were collected from the fifty male and female participants aged 18-50 years old of staff nurses working in the tertiary care hospital. The adopted questionnaire was used for the data collection. Results: The result reveals that 60% were female and 40% were male. Moreover, most nurses 60% had unsatisfactory and 40% had satisfactory knowledge regarding tracheostomy care. Conclusions: This shows a need for additional education and training to enhance nurses' general knowledge and proficiency in delivering the best care for patients with tracheostomies. By filling in this information gap, we can improve patient outcomes and lower the chance of problems from tracheostomy care. CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/42 10.54393/nrs.v3i02.42 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2023: Volume 03 Issue 02 (July-December 2023); 02-05 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v3i02 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/42/37 10.54393/nrs.v3i02.42.g37 Copyright (c) 2023 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/43 2024-01-07T14:13:11Z nrs:O.A driver

Knowledge of Nurses Regarding Airway Suctioning in Tertiary Care Karachi Pakistan: Knowledge of Nurses Regarding Airway Suctioning Shaikh, Muhammad Hasnain Bibi, Afshan Ali, Rizwan Shaista, . Rehman, Sunita Knowledge Nurses Airway Suctioning Proper suctioning is too essential to clear the patient's airway. Nurses should have correct knowledge regarding proper suctioning according to current recommendations to prevent complications. Objective: To assess nurses' knowledge regarding proper suctioning for adult patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. A 50 males and females were selected through convenient sampling by using a cross-sectional study. A self-made questionnaire was used for the data collection. Results: The study findings revealed that 50 participants participated, of which 60% were male and 40% were female. The findings also show that 40% had poor knowledge, 20 had moderate and 40% had high knowledge regarding g airway suctioning. Conclusions: Specifically, 40% of the staff demonstrated poor knowledge, 20% had moderate knowledge, and 40% exhibited a high level of knowledge concerning airway suctioning techniques. Further training and educational interventions may be necessary to improve the overall knowledge and standardize proper suctioning practices among the nurses in the hospital. CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/43 10.54393/nrs.v3i02.43 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2023: Volume 03 Issue 02 (July-December 2023); 06-09 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v3i02 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/43/38 10.54393/nrs.v3i02.43.g38 Copyright (c) 2023 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/44 2024-01-07T14:13:08Z nrs:O.A driver

Relationship Between Job Satisfaction and Burnout Among Nurses: Relationship Between Job Satisfaction Nadeem, Sehar Saddique, Humaira Jabeen, Rubina Job Satisfaction Burnout Nurses Over the last spans burnout and job satisfaction were highly momentous in nursing. Burnout and job satisfaction is a psychosomatic issue that appears in difficult personal relations as sections of their work environment Objective: To explore the relationship between job satisfaction and burnout among nurses. Methods: A descriptive correlational study design was used to determine the relationship between job satisfaction and burnout in nurses. The study sample is 133 staff nurses. A convenient sampling technique is used to collect data from nurses of Jinnah Hospital Lahore. The study took approximately 9 months. Data analysis were done through SPSS version 21.0. Results: The majority of nurses were found to be unsatisfied with their jobs. It was observed that staff nurses' job burnout and its element existed. Most of the nurses were higher levels of depersonalization and emotional weariness compared to low accomplishment when it came to burnout components, particularly concerning emotional exhaustion. The biggest percentage of nurses experienced severe burnout and low levels of job satisfaction. The KMO, Bartlett’s test, Cronbach alpha, correlations, ANOVA, coefficients, and value have been checked the validity and reliability in our context. The value shows negative and significant results. Which also identified a substantial negative association between job satisfaction and burnout. Conclusions: Most nurses are facing significant levels of burnout and low level of job satisfaction. It recommended recently created techniques to overcome burnout and enhance job satisfaction, ultimately improving healthcare. CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/44 10.54393/nrs.v3i02.44 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2023: Volume 03 Issue 02 (July-December 2023); 10-14 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v3i02 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/44/39 10.54393/nrs.v3i02.44.g39 Copyright (c) 2023 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/45 2024-01-23T05:28:21Z nrs:O.A driver

A Qualitative Exploratory Study on Absenteeism among Nursing Students in a Private Nursing College: Exploratory Study on Absenteeism Sultana, Razia Maqsood, Sidra Shakeel, Amtul Mubarak, Zunaira Majeed, Sughra Zafaf, Zaryab Absenteeism Nursing Perception Attendance Nurses play an important role in the provision of frontline patient care. Absenteeism among nurses is common, and has an impact on patient care output. Nursing students' academic success and professional growth depend on their ability to attend class. Attendance is an essential for the effective training of nurses. Objective: To explore the perception of nursing students regarding factors of absenteeism and its possible solution in a private nursing institute. Methods: A qualitative exploratory study design was conducted among 16 participants who recruited purposively. Semi-structured interview guide was used to collect data from the enrolled fourth year BS Nursing students. Transcription, coding, categorization of data help in the formulation of sub-themes and themes about absenteeism. Results: The analysis of qualitative data revealed four major themes. First themes as individual factors of absenteeism (sickness, family commitments, transport problems etc.) accompanied by institutional and clinical factors. The last theme pertaining to possible solutions of absenteeism proposed by nursing students in the form of semester break, provision of sick leave and leave for family responsibilities. Conclusions: The study found three factors, i.e., individual, institutional and clinical related factors that lead to nursing student’s absenteeism from classroom lectures. Besides, it was found that student absenteeism was solved by allowing the students to go on holidays after every semester examination and student facilitation in case of any illness/family issues as suggested by students in interviews. CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/45 10.54393/nrs.v3i02.45 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2023: Volume 03 Issue 02 (July-December 2023); 15-21 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v3i02 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/45/41 10.54393/nrs.v3i02.45.g41 Copyright (c) 2023 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/47 2024-01-19T12:17:45Z nrs:S.R driver

Factors Influencing Women's access to Healthcare Services in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review : Women's access to Healthcare in LMICs Saxena, Sachi Arsh, Aatik Ashraf, Syed Gupta, Noopur Accessibility Disparity Health Women Gender inequalities in accessing healthcare services, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are consistently reported in the literature. Financial constraints and greater distance from healthcare facilities are the most reported barriers to the limited accessibility of women to healthcare services in these countries. However, these two barriers are not specific to women as men living in these countries also face these barriers, then why do gender disparities exist in accessing healthcare services? Objective: To explore this question, we conducted this study to identify factors influencing women’s access to healthcare services in LMICs. Methods: A review article was conducted in September 2023. PubMed, CINHAL, EMBASE and HMIC databases were searched. Additional searching was performed in Google Scholar. Qualitative studies published from the earliest record to August 2023 which reported barriers to women’s access to healthcare services in LMICs were included. Results: Results showed that individual-level factors that influence women’s access to healthcare services in LMICs include economic status and knowledge and beliefs, inter-personal level factors include social norms and support from family and friends, community-level factors include support from community members and transportation facilities while system-level factors that influence women’s access to healthcare services include the availability of healthcare services and providers, the role of the medical fraternity, health insurance coverage, availability and implementation of effective policies and evidence-based practice and research. Conclusion: The review identified a wide range of individual, interpersonal, community and system-level barriers that hinder women residing in LMICs from accessing appropriate healthcare services. There is a need to develop cost-effective, culturally appropriate approaches, guidelines, and policies to improve women’s access to healthcare services in LMICs.  CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/47 10.54393/nrs.v3i02.47 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2023: Volume 03 Issue 02 (July-December 2023); 67-75 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v3i02 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/47/42 10.54393/nrs.v3i02.47.g42 Copyright (c) 2023 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/48 2024-01-07T14:13:00Z nrs:O.A driver

Barriers in Clinical Decision-Making among Staff Nurses at Tertiary Care Hospital : Barriers in Clinical Decision-Making Shehzad, Memoona Farooq, Qandeel Waris, Kiran Fatima, Mahnoor Rehan, Anam Sarwar, Oreeba Nurses SWOT Analysis Solevin Formula Clinical decision-making is a continuous and changing process in which information is collected, clarified, and assessed. Barriers that affect decision-making ability of nurses in health care setting include occupational, environmental, organizational and lack of professional skills. Objective: To identify barriers in clinical decision-making among staff nurses. Methods: The descriptive quantitative study was carried out at Mayo hospital to assess barriers in clinical decision-making among staff nurses. The study consisted of 109 staff nurses selected conveniently. Data were collected by using self-modified questionnaire consisted of 15 items. This study was conducted in Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Results: 46% staff nurses have more professional experience when make challenging decision. 55%nurses agreed on emotional intelligence. 50% nurses agreed on supportive behavior.44% staff nurses agree that time management affect their decision-making and 37% staff nurses agreed that their decision-making is a deliberative logical process. Conclusions: Majority of staff nurses agreed about the barriers like professional experience, emotional intelligence, time management, organizational support and professional skills affecting their decision making. CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/48 10.54393/nrs.v3i02.48 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2023: Volume 03 Issue 02 (July-December 2023); 47-51 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v3i02 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/48/50 10.54393/nrs.v3i02.48.g50 Copyright (c) 2023 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/52 2024-01-07T14:12:57Z nrs:O.A driver

Determination of Nurse’s Attitude and Practices about Gynaecological Examination at Tertiary Health Care Hospital : Nurse’s Attitude and Practices about Gynaecological Examination Naheed, Rashida Parveen, Shagufta Akhtar, Shamim Ali, Muhammad Mazhar, Rida Gynaecological Examination Healthcare Maternity Nurses Gynaecological examination on a regular basis is a vital component of any woman's health. The gynaecologist will examine the breasts, the internal and external reproductive organs, and any associated conditions. Nurses are crucial, especially prior to this examination. They should explain the procedure to the females and how it is carried out, as well as provide any additional preparation instructions that may be needed. Objective: To determine the nurse’s attitude and practices regarding gynaecological examination. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at tertiary health care sector. A convenient sampling technique was used to recruit the study participants in OBS/Gynae unit of the hospital. The sample size for this study was 90 and data collected from nurses of age 22 to 45 years and willing to participate. Data were collected through adopted questionnaires. The data were analysed through SPSS-24.0. Results: Majority of the nurses have uncertain attitude about the best timing of gynaecological examination (82%), spread of infection during this procedure (75%) and early detection of cancer (78%). Moreover, nurses did not take complete history of the females (83%) and had not used understandable language (88%). More than 70% nurses are incompetent in their practices during gynaecological examination. Conclusions: The current study concludes that majority nurses have negative attitude and incompetent practices towards gynaecological examination. Therefore, educational workshop and training should be arranged to promote positively and enhance the practices of nursing during gynaecological examination.  CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/52 10.54393/nrs.v3i02.52 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2023: Volume 03 Issue 02 (July-December 2023); 28-32 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v3i02 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/52/45 10.54393/nrs.v3i02.52.g45 Copyright (c) 2023 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/53 2024-01-07T14:12:55Z nrs:O.A driver

Barriers in Implementing Evidence-Based Practice among Nurses at Tertiary Care Hospitals of Lahore : Barriers in Implementing Evidence-Based Practice Aslam, Samia Farooq, Zambeel Azam, Sana Naheed, Fizzah Yaqoob, Rebecca Evidence-Based Practice Barriers Tool Tertiary Care Nurses Evidence-based practice is a technique used in solving clinical issues regarding patient care by integrating well-designed evidence. It also takes into account patient preferences to promote quality of care and improve patient outcomes. Objectives: To identify the barriers in implementing evidence-based practice among nurses and to identify personal and organizational obstacles in implementing EBP. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional quantitative study design was used. Total sample size was 116 staff nurses of the tertiary care hospital with experience more than three years. The study was conducted at two tertiary care hospitals of Lahore; Jinnah hospital, Lahore, Fatima Memorial hospital, Lahore. Results: The findings showed that biggest barrier in implementing EBP are lack of health care facilities to empower nurses with EBP environment (72.4%). Conclusions: This study concluded that financial situation of country which leads to inadequate health care resources and equipment’s for EBP implementation. Identifying the barriers that affect the implementation of EBP can become a stepping stone for the commencement of discussion concerning the elimination of these barriers from the healthcare sector and finding ways to resolve existing problems.  CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/53 10.54393/nrs.v3i02.53 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2023: Volume 03 Issue 02 (July-December 2023); 43-46 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v3i02 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/53/49 10.54393/nrs.v3i02.53.g49 Copyright (c) 2023 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/54 2024-01-07T14:12:52Z nrs:O.A driver

Satisfaction of Undergraduate Nursing Students Regarding their Clinical Placement: A Focus Group Study: Satisfaction of Undergraduate Nursing Students Noreen, Nazia Tu Nisa, Warda Shah, Asif Sultan, Amir Nursing Education Clinical Rotation Focus Groups A crucial component of nursing students' education for providing high-quality and secure patient care is their clinical experience. Regarding this, it is crucial that student nurses are satisfied with their practical experiences. Student nurses' experiences in clinical placements can offer valuable insights for the development of successful nursing education programmed. Objective: To determine how satisfied undergraduate nursing students are with their clinical rotation. Methods: The study design used for the project was qualitative descriptive exploratory research. The sample size of the study was 30 BSN students of final year that were selected through purposive sampling technique, divided into 6 groups, where each group contain 5 students and attended semi-structure focus group interview using interview guide. The study setting was 2 nursing institutes of Peshawar i.e., post-graduate college of nursing, and institute of nursing sciences. Data were analyzed through content analysis, and the study was approved from ethical review board of institute of nursing sciences Khyber medical university Peshawar. Results: The data analysis identified four primary categories: theory to practical environment in the placement, poor clinical supervision, lack of orientation for clinical placement and inappropriate mentor-ship in clinical placement. Conclusions: To facilitate students’ clinical practice during their clinical hours, they must acquire pertinent knowledge, skills, and competency. The combination of theoretical and practical work is known as nursing practice, and theory without practice is seen as blind knowledge. In clinical settings, one cannot provide quality care if there is not a quiet and sound environment.  CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/54 10.54393/nrs.v3i02.54 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2023: Volume 03 Issue 02 (July-December 2023); 38-42 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v3i02 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/54/48 10.54393/nrs.v3i02.54.g48 Copyright (c) 2023 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/55 2024-01-07T14:12:49Z nrs:O.A driver

Assessment of the Organizational Commitment among Nurses : Organizational Commitment among Nurses Ishaq, Muhammad Bibi, Afsha Khaliq, Fazal Ali, Tahir Ahmed, Hussain Mahmood, Saqib Gulzada, Muhammad Organizational Commitment Nursing Profession Work Engagement Healthcare Organizations Commitment Levels Organizational commitment is the extent to which a person may be identified with their membership in a particular organization. Objective: To assess the organizational commitment among nurses. Methods: Utilizing a cross-sectional research approach, this study examined organizational commitment among registered nurses employed in several tertiary care hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan, and enrolled in the Post RN program at Horizon School of Nursing and Health Sciences in Karachi, Pakistan. This study included 71 nurses in total. Three elements of overall organizational commitment are measured by the Organizational Commitment Scale (OCS), established by Balfour and Wechsler in 1996. Results: Study findings show that 35.2% of respondents reported great pride in their affiliation with the company, demonstrating high loyalty and job satisfaction. In addition, 40.8% of respondents strongly agreed with the importance of the organization's values. Moreover, the findings also show that 8.5% demonstrated low commitment, and 60.6% fell into the moderate commitment category. Meanwhile, 31.0% exhibited high commitment. Conclusions: The study revealed a diverse spectrum of commitment levels, with a substantial majority demonstrating moderate commitment. Addressing this issue should be a priority for the organization, focusing on recognizing and appreciating employees' efforts to enhance overall satisfaction and foster a more supportive work environment.  CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/55 10.54393/nrs.v3i02.55 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2023: Volume 03 Issue 02 (July-December 2023); 22-27 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v3i02 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/55/44 10.54393/nrs.v3i02.55.g44 Copyright (c) 2023 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/56 2024-01-07T14:12:46Z nrs:O.A driver

Evaluation of Hemodialysis Complications among Children with Chronic Kidney Disease at District Head Quarter Hospital, Nankana Sahib : Hemodialysis Complications among Children with Chronic Kidney Disease Naheed, Rashida Akhtar, Shamim Perveen, Shagufta Perveen, Razia Mazhar, Rida Hemodialysis Children Complication Renal Disease Evaluation A patient with chronic kidney disease depends on hemodialysis to mechanically remove fluid, electrolytes, and waste products from the blood. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a universal matter of concern that affects around 15% of the population globally. Objective: To evaluate hemodialysis complications among children with chronic kidney disease. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out at the renal department of DHQ hospital. The duration of study was six months from April to September, 2023. The sample size was 45 children on hemodialysis with kidney disease. A purposive sampling technique was used. Data were gathered through self-administrated questionnaire. Data were analyzed through SPSS-25.0 and results were presented in the form of frequencies tables. Results: Majority of the participants suggested that initiation of hemodialysis lead to cardiovascular problems (72%), anemia (83%), and metallic taste (79%) in children. Moreover, majority of them complained about skin problem and itching as an adverse effect (78%). Other complications as indicated by participants are headache, restlessness, vertigo, nausea and vomiting (86%). Conversely, some subjects did not considered the hypertriglyceridemia (27%), gastric problems (31%), sleep problems (24%) and muscular pain (34%) as the result of initiation of hemodialysis procedure. Conclusions: Findings of present study suggested the most common complications of hemodialysis are hemodynamic instability, anemia and hypertension/hypotension, skin problems and itching. Other complications of hemodialysis as indicated by participants are headache, restlessness, vertigo, nausea, vomiting and decease concentration in children. However, most of the participants have limited understanding about additional complications of hemodialysis.     CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/56 10.54393/nrs.v3i02.56 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2023: Volume 03 Issue 02 (July-December 2023); 33-37 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v3i02 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/56/46 10.54393/nrs.v3i02.56.g46 Copyright (c) 2023 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/59 2024-01-07T14:12:44Z nrs:edt driver

The Role of Telehealth in Transforming Nursing Care: Opportunities and Challenges Badil, . The global healthcare sector is experiencing significant transitions, with the emergence of telehealth into the nursing profession at the cutting edge of this development. The emergence of telehealth technology has not only changed the way healthcare is administered, but it has also given nursing practitioners with new potential and difficulties. Telehealth has eliminated geographical restrictions, allowing nurses to remotely supervise and care for patients in the privacy of their own homes. This interdependence provides real-time health evaluations, rapid treatments, and ongoing patient interaction possible. Nurses can reach underprivileged groups by using the potential of telehealth, making healthcare more accessible and inclusive than ever before [1].  The use of telehealth technologies improves nursing operations, lowering administrative hassles and allowing for more effective resource utilization. Nurses may now use digital platforms to conduct virtual consultations, remote patient monitoring, and manage electronic health records. This not only speeds up and increases the accuracy of information sharing, but it also allows nurses to focus more on direct patient care. As telehealth becomes more integrated into nursing practice, ethical concerns emerge. Patient privacy, data security, and the possibility of a digital divide must all be properly handled. Nurses must manage these ethical difficulties while maintaining patient confidentiality and ensuring that technology is used to empower rather than divide [2].  While telehealth has great potential, there are obstacles to overcome, such as the digital divide, technological literacy, and access concerns. Nurses are critical in bridging these gaps, pushing for fair access to telehealth services, and educating both healthcare professionals and patients. In the future, nurses' roles in a digital healthcare landscape will continue to expand. To educate nurses with the skills needed to understand and exploit the promise of telehealth technology, continuous education and training will be critical. Nurse leaders must advocate an innovation culture, ensuring that the profession adapts to new technology while upholding the profession's essential principles of compassion and patient-centered care [3].  In conclusion, the use of telehealth into nursing care gives an enormous amount of potential to improve patient outcomes, increase efficiency, and reinvent healthcare delivery. To take advantage of all these benefits, however, nurses must actively participate in creating the future of telehealth, resolving ethical concerns, and pushing for technology that promotes healthcare justice. Let us welcome the promise of telehealth to elevate the nursing profession and, more significantly, to improve the well-being of those we serve as we start on this revolutionary journey.  CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/59 10.54393/nrs.v3i02.59 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2023: Volume 03 Issue 02 (July-December 2023); 01 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v3i02 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/59/43 10.54393/nrs.v3i02.59.g43 Copyright (c) 2023 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/60 2024-01-22T10:20:33Z nrs:O.A driver

Association of Clinical Caring Competencies of Nursing Students with Academic Performance: A Multi-Institutional Study : Clinical Caring Competencies of Nursing Students Farooqui, Shaista Iqbal, Zafar Saifoor, Shabana Ziaullah, . Khan, Sheraz Ahmed, Fayaz Sultan, Amir Iqbal, Javed Shah, Azizullah Anwar, Nasir Caring Skills Nursing Students Nurse-Patient Interaction Nursing students work closely with patients, therefore clinical assignments are regarded as an essential component of nursing education. Objective: To analyze the clinical caring competencies of undergraduate nursing students. Methods: The study design was cross-sectional descriptive having a sample size of 122 students. The nursing students' information was gathered after one months of clinical duties. Three categories, each using a seven-point Likert scale, were used to collect the data. The questionnaire was validly and reliable, while informed consent was taken from each participant and data analysis was performed through SPSS 22.0. Results: The majority of participants was male (87%) in the study, while the maximum number of students belong to age group 18–21 age range (52.7%), and all the students belong to 4th semester. The majority of the students’ academic performance was good (51.1%), followed by average performers (37.4%), and poor performers (11.5%). In all the three domains of clinical competencies the score of patience was high 3.7 ± 0.89, followed by courage domain 3.5 ± 0.88 and cognitive domain 3.4 ± 0.59. Conclusions: There was significant difference between gender groups in cognitive and patience domain while no significant difference in courage domain, while between age groups there were no significant difference between cognitive and patients while there was significant difference in courage domain. The study also established that courage a patient is strongly positive correlated with cognitive domain while negative weak with age, gender and GPA.  CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/60 10.54393/nrs.v3i02.60 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2023: Volume 03 Issue 02 (July-December 2023); 52-56 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v3i02 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/60/51 10.54393/nrs.v3i02.60.g51 Copyright (c) 2023 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/61 2024-01-19T12:14:54Z nrs:Cmntry driver

Independent Practice as a Nursing Practitioner in Pakistan: “Opportunities and Misconceptions: Independent Practice as a Nursing Practitioner Sultan, Amir Pakistan is the fifth most populous country in the world, third in Asia, and second among Muslim countries. According to World Bank data, the poverty rate was 39.3% in 2020–21 and is expected to remain at that level in 2021–22 [1]. The health care system of Pakistan includes public, private, and trust hospitals. The World Health Organization estimates that there are 7.8 doctors for every 10,000 people and 3.8 nurses and midwives for every 10,000 people [2]. The number of doctors and nurses is below the required level, and many health professionals travel to developed countries in search of a better future and professional development. In the past 5 years, the increasing number of nursing colleges in the country indicates satisfaction for the healthcare industry to overcome the deficiencies. A nurse practitioner is a specialized program of nursing practice that performs independent practice within certain limits [3]. Nursing practitioner (NP) practices were first authorized in 1960 due to a physician shortage, and in Pakistan, only Aga Khan University hospitals have begun a two-year advanced practice nursing program.  The concept of health and practices in developing countries were influenced by the United States, where 26 states have fully authorized nurse practitioners and 24 states require nurse practitioners to work under the supervision of physicians. In order to task-share with physicians in the UK, mid-level practitioners (MLPs), such as physician associates (PAs) and advanced nurse practitioners (ANPs) have been employed [4]. In a developing country like Pakistan, the national assembly makes an amendment to the Pakistan Nursing Council Act, 1973, in Section 2(m) that provides an opportunity for nursing practitioners to practice independently. On one side, the news has a feeling of motivation and happiness among the nurses; instead of welcoming such a revolutionary act, unfortunately, the other health professionals have seriously criticized this act and considered this amendment "legal cover for the quacks". A misconception is created through social media that every nurse has given the status of (NP) “Nursing practitioner”, while the amendment is very clear regarding the independent practice of nursing practitioners: they have a two-year degree in (MSN) Master of Science in nursing specialized in nursing practitioner, with a valid license from (PN&MC) Pakistan Nursing and Midwifery Council for independent practice. To provide care and practice in hospitals, nurses require a license from PN&MC, which requires a minimum qualification of a 4-year BSN (Bachelor of Science in Nursing) degree with one year of internship from a tertiary care hospital or teaching hospital. During hiring in health departments, nurses have a 4-year degree and a 1-year internship and are hired in 16 grades. They have the same qualifications as other health care professionals who have a 4-year degree and a 1-year house job and are hired in 17 grades. In the majority of health universities, nursing and other health degrees are completed under the umbrella of one administration and examination department, and each profession has its own curriculum and goals, while they also perform their clinical in the same affiliated hospitals, so how does this professional discrimination occur that one profession is superior and the other is inferior? Since independence, the majority of the nurses have been hired and retired in the same grade without promotion from government hospitals and face this professional grading discrimination. In the clinical setting, nurses work and provide care to patient’s shoulder-to-shoulder with other professionals from entry to discharge; moreover, they travel and work in the Middle East and developed countries. So how can a nurse care for and work in developed countries? It is very important to accept the existence and importance of each profession and to use our advocacy and time for patient outcomes instead of wasting energy criticizing other professions. In the last 10 years, a boom in the nursing profession has seemed to be a result of the importance of nursing at the international and national levels, which has attracted the attention of students as well as their parents towards nursing. These efforts came as a result of the active participation of nursing associations in all provinces and the sincere efforts and struggles of the regulatory authorities, but still, many steps are incomplete and require immediate attention. In the future, nursing will be among the top professionals who work overseas and become an asset to the country in their contribution to development. The authorities should permit nurses practitioners to practice independently under the supervision of the Pakistan Nursing Council and a special task force in a limited area while taking help from international organizations or nursing regulatory bodies. Currently, the world is facing a shortage of not only nurses but all healthcare workers, which does not mean restricting the nursing profession from moving forward but should increase the capacity of nursing production under the theme of "no compromise on the quality of education and clinical practice." Pakistan has a good tendency to increase the capacity of nursing professionals and can be a good contributor to the country's finances.  CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/61 10.54393/nrs.v3i02.61 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2023: Volume 03 Issue 02 (July-December 2023); 76-77 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v3i02 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/61/47 10.54393/nrs.v3i02.61.g47 Copyright (c) 2023 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/62 2024-01-07T14:12:35Z nrs:O.A driver

Effects of Early Mobilization on Pain Among Children Post Appendectomy at Children Hospital Lahore : Early Mobilization on Pain Manzoor, Faiza Afzal, Muhammad Sarwer, Hajra Mahy-Ud-Din, Gulam Early Mobilization Pain Management Wound Healing Appendectomy Early mobilization means interval starting with initial physiologic mobilization and continuing through the hospital stay. Mobilization includes the activities that help critical patients to move, and ambulate with or without assistance using a walker and/or support from staff. Objective: To assess the effect of Early Mobilization on pain and wound healing among children post appendectomy. Methods: A randomized control study was conducted from December 2022 to August 2023 at the Children hospital Lahore. The target population consisted of children undergone appendectomy at Children hospital Lahore. A random sample of n=26 was recruited. Validated tool was used for data collection from participants to assess the pain in the control and interventional group. Initially, Pre-assessment was conducted to obtain pain scores, then the intervention as early mobilization was provided to the interventional group while the control group was observed with usual care. After the intervention in the post assessment, the data were collected from the control and interventional group to compare the effect of intervention. Results: The study results revealed that after the intervention, the assessment at 1st follow-up showed somewhat significant difference in control and interventional group scores of pains. A significant mean difference was found on pain between control and interventional group scores at the 2nd follow up where z (-2.056) =, p value=0.040. Conclusions: Overall, these findings suggest that early mobilization intervention has a positive and statistically significant impact on reducing mean pain scores.  CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/62 10.54393/nrs.v3i02.62 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2023: Volume 03 Issue 02 (July-December 2023); 57-61 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v3i02 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/62/52 10.54393/nrs.v3i02.62.g52 Copyright (c) 2023 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/64 2024-01-19T07:17:06Z nrs:O.A driver

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice regarding Menstrual Hygiene among Adolescent Girls of Rural Community in Lahore: Menstrual Hygiene among Adolescent Girls of Rural Community Fatima, Ghulam Majeed, Faisal Shahzadi, Ayesha Menstruation Reproductive Health Validity Index Menstruation, a natural occurrence, usually starts in young women aged 14 to 18. Maintaining proper menstrual hygiene is essential to avoid infections in the urinary and reproductive systems. Insufficient knowledge about menstrual processes and hygiene can lead to negative attitudes and improper practices. Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls in a rural area of Lahore. Methods: The cross-sectional study carried out of rural community in Lahore. The project was carried out December 2018 to February 2019. Data were collected from 200 girls in rural community and after data collection all the information were entered and analysis by using SPSS. After analyzing the data, we assessed 75-80% have good knowledge, attitude and practice in adolescents. Only 10 _ 20% girls have lack of knowledge about menstruation hygiene attitude and practice. Results: The Results shows high awareness of menstruation as a normal process (99.5%), with most respondents understanding the uterus as the blood source (83%) and the importance of hygiene during menstruation (96.5%). The majority use sanitary pads (74%), know about the menstrual cycle length (95.5%), and recognize bathing as beneficial during menstruation (69.5%), with mothers being the primary source of menstrual information (50.5%). Conclusions: The majority of the participants in this study demonstrated a strong understanding, positive attitudes, and effective practices regarding menstrual hygiene. However, a minority still exhibited either moderate or poor levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practices in this area CrossLinks International Publishers 2023-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/64 10.54393/nrs.v3i02.64 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2023: Volume 03 Issue 02 (July-December 2023); 62-66 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v3i02 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/64/53 10.54393/nrs.v3i02.64.g53 Copyright (c) 2023 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/66 2024-04-01T12:42:18Z nrs:O.A driver

Prevalence of Perceived Stress among Nurse Interns in Teaching Hospitals of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Perceived Stress among Nurse Interns Khan, Sheraz Rahman, Abdur Islam, Noor Khan, Iftikhar Ali Maula, Fazal Marriam, Aneela Khanum, Sabiha Sultan, Amir Stress Nurse Interns Well-being Nursing Education The concept of perceived stress refers to an individual's response to a perceived danger in their environment, which is believed to provide a challenge to their capabilities and overall well-being. Internships play a crucial role in the nursing profession by providing valuable introductory experiences. Objective: To reveal level of stress among intern nurses. Methods: In this study, nurse intern stress level was measured by using descriptive cross-sectional design. The sample size was 105 and data were collected via Google form in teaching hospitals of district Peshawar and Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Results: In this study, majority of the participants were male n=93 (88.6%) followed by female n=12 (11.4%). Almost nine-tenth (87.6%) n=92 of the study participants was placed in age group less than 25 years. None of the participants were placed in higher stress level although, more than four score (81.9%) of the participants fell in moderate stress level. However, 18% of them perceived low stress. Conclusions: The moderate level of stress was found to be significantly affecting the performance in early career of nurses. The goal should be to provide nursing students with improved strategies for handling stress. CrossLinks International Publishers 2024-03-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/66 10.54393/nrs.v4i01.66 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2024: Volume 04 Issue 1 (January-March Issue); 02-06 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v4i01 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/66/55 10.54393/nrs.v4i01.66.g55 Copyright (c) 2024 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/67 2024-04-01T12:42:19Z nrs:O.A driver

Correlation of Academic Stress with Age and Academic Year Among Nursing Students at Private Nursing Institute, Karachi, Pakistan : Correlation of Academic Stress with Age and Academic Year Bibi, Afsha Ejaz, Khizra Khan, Ismail Khan, Muhammad Jehangeer Ahmad, Tufail Zeb, Khan Ahmad, Ashfaq Iqbal, Javed Academic Stress Nursing Students Nursing Education Stress is a complex process when people interpret demands, restrictions, or possibilities as challenging their ability to cope effectively. Objective: To explore the correlation of academic stress with age and academic year among nursing students at the private nursing institute in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted from February to July 2023. A convenience sampling technique was utilized to approach study participants. A total of 206 nursing students were part of this study. Moreover, a reliable questionnaire was used for the data collection, consisting of demographic data, stress levels, contributing factors, and coping mechanisms. Results: This study revealed that 80.6% of nursing students had moderate and 14.1% had high academic stress. The study also identifies a significant association between academic year and age and academic stress (p-0.006) and (p-0.033). Conclusions: Educational institutions should develop specialized support programs because 80.6% of nursing students experience moderate academic stress and 14.1% experience high stress. Implement stress-management classes, counseling, and academic resources to assist students in handling the challenging tasks of their coursework. Students can be given valuable tools to handle academic stresses by including stress management techniques in the curriculum. These abilities include time management, study strategies, mindfulness, and relaxation techniques.    CrossLinks International Publishers 2024-03-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/67 10.54393/nrs.v4i01.67 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2024: Volume 04 Issue 1 (January-March Issue); 07-12 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v4i01 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/67/56 10.54393/nrs.v4i01.67.g56 Copyright (c) 2024 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/68 2024-04-01T12:42:19Z nrs:O.A driver

Insomnia Among Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Investigation in Peshawar, Pakistan : Insomnia Among Nursing Students  Bibi, Afsha Khaliq, Fazal Younus, Muhammad Ullah, Irfan Khan, Muhammad Abbas Insomnia Nursing Students Sleep Health Athen’s Insomnia Scale Male gender Sleep health is integral to the overall well-being of nursing students, yet it is prevalent. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to determine the insomnia among nursing students. Methods: A total of 100 nursing students, both male and female, from different academic years participated in the study. A structured questionnaire was utilized to collect demographic information, including gender, age, and academic year. The Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) was employed to assess the prevalence of insomnia among participants. Results: The study findings revealed that most participants, constituting 70%, identified as male, while the remaining 30% identified as female. The analysis of insomnia status revealed that 37% reported no insomnia and 63% experienced insomnia. Conclusions: The findings highlight a diverse landscape of insomnia prevalence among nursing students, necessitating targeted interventions to promote sleep health.  CrossLinks International Publishers 2024-03-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/68 10.54393/nrs.v4i01.68 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2024: Volume 04 Issue 1 (January-March Issue); 13-17 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v4i01 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/68/57 10.54393/nrs.v4i01.68.g57 Copyright (c) 2024 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/69 2024-04-02T12:57:04Z nrs:O.A driver

Moral Distress and Job Satisfaction among Nurses Working in Tertiary Care Hospitals, Karachi, Pakistan : Moral Distress and Job Satisfaction among Nurses Ali, Mahboob Masih, Sarfraz Farooqui, Waqas Ahmed Zulfiqar, Rukhsana Khan, Rasheed Ahmed Yousufzai, Aziz Ur Rehman Rahman, Amir Bibi, Afsha Ali, Javed Moral Distress Job Satisfaction Nurses Moral distress is a painful feeling and a mental disturbance that occurs when a morally correct course of action is known but cannot be performed. Objective: To determine the moral distress and job satisfaction level, their correlation and their association with demographics among nurses working in public sector tertiary care hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: This study was conducted in public sector tertiary care hospitals in Karachi through an analytical cross-sectional study design among 300 nurses. Results: This study shows that 52.7% of the participants had low, 38% have moderate, while 9.3% have high/very high levels of moral distress. Most of the nurses, 94%, were satisfied with their job. Moral distress was negatively correlated with job satisfaction (r=-0.180, p=0.002). Moreover, moral distress was associated with age (p=0.03) and ward (p= <0.001). In contrast, job satisfaction was associated only with gender (p=0.008). Conclusions: The study findings illustrated that most nurses had low moral distress and were satisfied. Moral distress was negatively correlated with job satisfaction.  CrossLinks International Publishers 2024-03-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/69 10.54393/nrs.v4i01.69 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2024: Volume 04 Issue 1 (January-March Issue); 18-24 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v4i01 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/69/58 10.54393/nrs.v4i01.69.g58 Copyright (c) 2024 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/71 2024-04-01T12:42:19Z nrs:O.A driver

Examining Barriers and Perceptions in Reporting Medication Administration Errors among Nurses at the Tertiary Care Hospitals in Peshawar Pakistan : Reporting Medication Administration Errors among Nurses Anwar, Muhammad Muhammad, Dildar Shah, Bakhtayar Ali Shah, Sumayya Ullah, Asad Bibi, Sumaira Barriers Medication Errors Nurses Patient Care Medication administration is vital for patient safety, yet medication errors can lead to life-threatening situations and increased mortality rates. Nurses, being essential members of the healthcare team, are constantly present with patients and regularly tasked with drug administration, facing a significant burden of medication errors compared to other healthcare providers. Objectives: To explore the barriers and perceptions of nurses' regarding medication errors reporting in public sector tertiary care hospitals. Methods: A convenient sample of 209 staff nurses participated in this cross-sectional survey from June to October 2022. A three-part questionnaire was used to gather information on the general characteristics of nurses, the causes of medication errors, and the justifications for not reporting them. Results: The Pharmacy supplies inappropriate doses to this unit with a mean of (2.53 ± 1.28) and    an insufficient number of staff nurses in each working shift (4.23 ± 0.76) were the two least and most significant contributing factors to medication errors. Additionally, the two most and least significant factors for not reporting medication errors were that nurses may be held accountable if the patient suffered harm (3.94 ± 1.16) and that nurses did not agree with the hospital's definition of a medication error (2.33 ± 1.26) on average. Conclusions: The main causes of drug mistakes and failure to reveal them were nursing and management issues. Moreover, attempt to establish a blame-free culture to motivate reporting errors.   CrossLinks International Publishers 2024-03-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/71 10.54393/nrs.v4i01.71 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2024: Volume 04 Issue 1 (January-March Issue); 25-29 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v4i01 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/71/59 10.54393/nrs.v4i01.71.g59 Copyright (c) 2024 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/72 2024-04-01T12:42:18Z nrs:edt driver

Healing the Healers: Prioritizing the Mental Support for Nurses Perveen, Kousar The demand of qualified nurses is growing worldwide which has made nursing a highly sought-after profession. This profession is revered for its unwavering dedication to healing and support, and stands as a beacon of compassion and care. Yet, there are various challenges that often go unnoticed behind the scenes of this noble vocation, the most disregarded is the mental health struggles faced by nurses. Despite this profession being auspicious, its burden can take a toll on the mental well-being of nurses. However, it is seen as stigma that the people who heal others also need healing. Nurses navigate the complexities of patient care and are the embodiment of resilience and selflessness. On the daily basis, they witness pain, triumph and loss, and shoulder the emotional weight of the patients as well.  Moreover, it is often required from them to work irregular hours and rotating shifts, which may include nights, weekends and holidays, which not only disrupts sleep patterns but also makes it challenging for them to maintain work life balance straining personal relationships. These negative aspects can cumulatively result in professional burnout and dissatisfaction in nurses. It may worsen the mental health of nursing leading them to leave the profession altogether. Unfortunately, this issue is not appropriately addressed making it a pervasive stigma in the profession. Nurses are often seen as strong and resilient but it creates a perception that nurses should be able to handle any mental or emotional stress themselves. If the nurses admit vulnerability and seek help, it is viewed as sign of weakness. In addition, nurses fear judgement and the negative opinions of the colleagues who perceive them as incompetent, unreliable, or unfit for duty. Moreover, unfavorable health care settings, such as understaffing, high workload, and limited resources may contribute to the mental health support being viewed as a luxury and inconvenience rather than a legitimate need. These notions hinder the open dialogue and impede access to much needed support. It is imperative that the stakeholders within the healthcare system exert efforts to address the challenges faced by nurses regarding mental. We need to acknowledge and recognize that the arduousness of the nursing profession and how it affects the mental well-being of nurses. The organizations should prioritize mental health of their practitioners by offering them resources such as counseling services and peer support networks. The stigma surrounding mental health needs to be shattered so that an environment can be fostered where nurses feel safe and are supported in their time of vulnerability. Only then can we ensure that auspicious nature of nursing shines brighter than ever before and illuminate a path of healing for healers as well. CrossLinks International Publishers 2024-03-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/72 10.54393/nrs.v4i01.72 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2024: Volume 04 Issue 1 (January-March Issue); 01 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v4i01 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/72/54 10.54393/nrs.v4i01.72.g54 Copyright (c) 2024 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/74 2024-04-06T09:13:55Z nrs:O.A driver

Role of Emotional Intelligence in Life Satisfaction among Hospital Nurses in Pakistan: Role of Emotional Intelligence in Life Satisfaction among Hospital Nurses Aisha, . Ahmad, Riaz Ali, Uzma Emotional Intelligence Nursing Life Satisfaction Healthcare Nursing Care Emotional intelligence is a skill involving understanding, perceiving, managing, and utilizing information. Nurses with high emotional intelligence may have high life satisfaction which can enhance their productivity in the workplace by effectively managing emotions. Objective: To explore the role of emotional intelligence in life satisfaction among hospital nurses in Pakistan. Methods: A correlational study was conducted involving purposive sampling of 511 registered female nurses, aged 20 to 45 in Karachi and Hyderabad, Pakistan.  Life satisfaction was assessed using a subset of the ICP-Subjective Wellbeing Scale while for Emotional Intelligence, Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form (TEIQue-SF) was used. Ethical considerations were stringently adhered to throughout the study, maintaining participant confidentiality and ensuring adherence to research norms. Results: The results revealed a significant predictive relationship between EI and life satisfaction in female hospital nurses [r = .199; R2=.040, F (510) = 20.994, p<.000]. Conclusions: Globally, Nurses are considered vital to healthcare system, including in Pakistan where mental health issues among them are notable. The study concluded that emotional intelligence predicts higher life satisfaction among hospital nurses. CrossLinks International Publishers 2024-03-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/74 10.54393/nrs.v4i01.74 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2024: Volume 04 Issue 1 (January-March Issue); 47-50 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v4i01 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/74/63 10.54393/nrs.v4i01.74.g63 Copyright (c) 2024 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/75 2024-04-01T12:42:19Z nrs:O.A driver

Investigating the Level of Attitude and Satisfaction among Nursing Instructors Regarding OSCE/OSPE at the Institutes of KPK : Attitude and Satisfaction Regarding OSCE/OSPE Haq, Fazal Bashir, Shahzad Kumar, Santosh Clinical Competence Nursing Education Nursing Students Clinical Examinations Attitude Level The Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is a commonly utilized tool for evaluating clinical performance among students pursuing medical and health professions. The study was conducted with the aim of determining the level of attitude and satisfaction among nursing educators in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Methods: A cross sectional analytical study design was used to evaluate the level of attitude and satisfaction from nursing educators of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa from 181 participants using convenient sampling technique. The study was conducted from March to December 2023. A valid and reliable adopted questionnaire was used for collection. The study was approved by the ethical review board while informed consent from each participant was taken before data collection. Independent t-test, ANNOVA and chi-square test was applied through SPSS version 22.0 for data analysis. Results: In the present study, the number of males was higher (65%), age 25 to 35 was 89 (49.4%), and education post-RN BSN was 101 (56.1%) in majority. The maximum number of the participants, 132 (73.3%), attitude level was moderate, having a mean score of 46.79 ± 7.01, while the level of satisfaction of the higher number of participants, 141 (78.3%), was also moderate, with a mean score of 79.77 ± 10.53. There was significant difference in mean score of attitudes within the groups of qualification, and experience, while the satisfaction there were significant difference within the groups of age, qualification and experience. Conclusions: The study concluded that attitude is associated with age, qualification, and experience, while satisfaction was associated with qualification, the tool should be improved for acceptance and understanding. CrossLinks International Publishers 2024-03-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/75 10.54393/nrs.v4i01.75 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2024: Volume 04 Issue 1 (January-March Issue); 30-35 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v4i01 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/75/60 10.54393/nrs.v4i01.75.g60 Copyright (c) 2024 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/76 2026-03-05T09:38:29Z nrs:O.A driver

Examining Clinical Instructors' Understanding, Perspectives, and Implementation of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP): A Multi-Institutional Study: Clinical Instructors' Understanding, Perspectives, and Implementation EBP Yasmin, Tahira Kausar, Tasleem Anwar, Fazeelat Clinical Instructors’ Implementation Evidence-Based Practice Facilitators Perspectives The adoption of evidence-based practice in healthcare has gathered significant appreciation across disciplines, aiming to improve patient care outcomes. In nursing, the primary objective is to deliver safe and standardized care by integrating evidence-based practice into clinical decision-making. Consequently, nursing educators must equip future nurses with the skills to decrease mortality rates and enhance patients' quality of life through the utilization of the best available evidence. Objectives: To assess the understanding, perspectives, and implementation of evidence-based practice among clinical instructors across five nursing educational institutes. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed for this study. A total of 110 clinical instructors from both public and private sector educational institutes were recruited using convenience sampling. Participants completed a structured self-administered questionnaire, and data were measured using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS (Version 23.0). Results: Clinical instructors possessing master's degrees demonstrated a good understanding of evidence-based practice steps and their application. On the other hand, no significant differences (p-value>0.05) were received in overall perspectives towards evidence-based practice based on gender, qualification, and experience. Conclusions: It was concluded that clinical instructors with master's degrees demonstrated favourable perspectives and practices towards evidence-based practice. Female showed higher knowledge scores, while male excelled in perspectives and implementation. CrossLinks International Publishers 2025-09-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/76 10.54393/nrs.v5i3.76 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2025: Volume 05 Issue 03 (July-September Issue); 15-21 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v5i3 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/76/121 10.54393/nrs.v5i3.76.g121 Copyright (c) 2025 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/77 2024-05-08T11:33:42Z nrs:Cmntry driver

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/78 2024-04-01T12:42:19Z nrs:O.A driver

Knowledge Regarding Hepatitis B Virus Infection and its Prevention among Nursing Students in Karachi : Knowledge Regarding Hepatitis B Virus Infection Ali, Javid Shah, Azizullah Khan, Saeeda Ali, Yasir Khan, Ameer Ullah Mustafa, Ghulam Badshah, Kausar Hepatitis B Virus Preventive Measures Contamination Nursing Students Blood Transfusion Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is a significant global health concern. All healthcare professionals especially nurses are always at a greater risk of getting the HBV. Objective: To assess knowledge regarding Hepatitis B Virus infection and its prevention among nursing students in Karachi. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to assess the knowledge of student nurses regarding Hepatitis B infection at ten nursing institutes in Karachi for six months; the calculated sample size was 529 by Open Epi version 3.0 by using convenient sampling technique. The data were collected by well-structured questionnaire and involved the questions about knowledge of Hepatitis B Virus infection and its prevention. All the students of Diploma in Nursing above the age 16 years were included while all the students of other nursing discipline were excluded. Results: The overall level of knowledge of the respondents on HBV infection was very good in this study, 93.2%, in response to the question concerning about the causes of Hepatitis B Virus infection (76.7%) responded positive. Knowledge regarding the incubation period of Hepatitis-B was very less (31.4%). 59.0 % consider that they are at risk to get Hepatitis B at their job, while 96.7% knew that it can be transmitted by unsterilized syringes, needles and surgical instruments which is similar to our study. Conclusions: All healthcare professionals especially student nurses are always at a greater risk of getting the HBV. Therefore, comparable research with a larger population and sample size has to be carried out.  CrossLinks International Publishers 2024-03-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/78 10.54393/nrs.v4i01.78 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2024: Volume 04 Issue 1 (January-March Issue); 36-40 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v4i01 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/78/61 10.54393/nrs.v4i01.78.g61 Copyright (c) 2024 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/79 2024-04-06T09:13:55Z nrs:O.A driver

Exploring the Health Care Services Satisfaction of the Patients Regarding Hospitalizations at Different Hospitals of District Layyah in Punjab Pakistan: Health Care Services Satisfaction at Hospitals in Layyah Ain, Qurat ul Fatima, Yousra Zareen, Aisha Manzoor, Asfa Patient Satisfaction Nusing Education Healthcare Services Public Health Patient satisfaction is an essential measure in providing care and effectiveness of the healthcare system. Quality care and quality facilities are the prior indicators of the health care system, which ultimately raises the level of patient satisfaction during hospitalization. Objective: To assess and explore the factors affecting the level of satisfaction of the adult patient regarding nursing care during hospitalization. Methods: Mixed methodology was used i.e., cross sectional and descriptive exploratory methods. Questionnaire was distributed to the participants through email and face to face interview were conducted after the confirmation of their consent for the interview. Quantitative data were analyzed using the SPSS Software and qualitative results were written using computer assisted software NVIVO-12. Results: Quantitative study results were 5.61% satisfactions regarding nursing care. Qualitative exploration about factors which were influencing the level of satisfaction of the adult patient were lacking attention, limited knowledge, unhealthy environment, overcrowding and noise and apathy. Conclusions: Participants’ suggestive words were to develop satisfaction levels by overcoming these obstacles. This study underscores the need for interventions to address these factors and enhance patient satisfaction with nursing care in tertiary care hospitals in South Punjab, Pakistan. CrossLinks International Publishers 2024-03-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/79 10.54393/nrs.v4i01.79 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2024: Volume 04 Issue 1 (January-March Issue); 41-46 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v4i01 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/79/64 10.54393/nrs.v4i01.79.g64 Copyright (c) 2024 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/80 2024-05-05T03:08:56Z nrs:O.A driver

Evaluation of Practices about Pediatrics Cardiac Catheterization among Nurses at District Head Quarter Hospital : Pediatrics Cardiac Catheterization Practices Parveen, Sajida Bashir, Mehwish Akhtar, Shamim Perveen, Shagufta Ullah, Saif Cardiac Catheterization Pediatric Health Nursing Practice Congenital Defects Pediatric cardiac catheterization is a critical procedure that plays a vital role in diagnosing and treating congenital heart defects and other cardiac conditions in children. This procedure involves inserting a catheter into the heart chambers or vessels through a vein or artery. Nurses play multifaceted roles throughout the continuum of cardiac catheterization. Objective: To evaluate the practices of nurses about pediatrics cardiac catheterization. Methods: This study employed cross-sectional descriptive design at pediatric department of a District Head Quarter (DHQ) Hospital. Target population was registered nurses of age above 20 years and who had at least 6 months of practical experience with cardiac pediatric patients.  Data were collected conveniently through observational checklist and analysis was done through SPSS Version 24.0. Results: Majority nurses were not encouraging bed rest to the pediatric patients nor keep affected extremity bend for 2-4 hours (80%) after catheterization. Moreover, they did not regularly check the vitals of the children and unable to monitor in every 15 minutes /hour or 30 minutes for next hour (81%). Nurses were unable to educate the pediatric parents for the removal of pressure dressing and nor assess the dressing site appropriately (92%). Conclusions: The present study findings suggested that majority nurses have poor practices before and after cardiac catheterization procedure while some have an average level of practices during the procedure. So, training programs should be arranged to enhance the practices of nurses about cardiac catheterization in pediatric population.  CrossLinks International Publishers 2024-03-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/80 10.54393/nrs.v4i01.80 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2024: Volume 04 Issue 1 (January-March Issue); 51-56 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v4i01 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/80/65 10.54393/nrs.v4i01.80.g65 Copyright (c) 2024 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/82 2025-12-08T09:27:53Z nrs:O.A driver

Knowledge of Intravenous Cannulation among Nursing Students at Two Private Nursing Schools Karachi: Knowledge of Intravenous Cannulation Khan, Jehangir Ali, Mahboob Bibi, Afsha Ali, Roomana Mumtaz Hassan, Muhammad Naseem, Muhammad Ali, Abdul Qadir Jahanzeb, Amir Mustafa Arshad, Shaheen Rachel, . Intravenous Cannulation Purposive Sampling Technique Educational Seminar Intravenous Cannulation (IVC) is a widely used, basic procedure carried out in all health care settings. Any kind of error or suboptimal practice can lead to serious complications and can worsen patient health. Objective: To assess the knowledge of nurses regarding IVC. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Horizon and Suvastu School of Nursing among post-RN BSN students from October to December 2023. Sample size was calculated with the help of openepi.com version 3.9 with a 95% confidence interval and a total of 134 participants were approached through the purposive sampling technique. Data were collected with Google Forms, shared with the students via whatsapp groups. An adopted questionnaire was used for data collection. Results: The results showed that 49.3% of participants were male, 50.7% were female, and 35.8% were between 26 and 30 years old. Considering the year of education, the majority 73.1% were studying in their second year. Results also showed that 35.8% of the respondents had a low level of knowledge, 32.8% had moderate knowledge, and 31.3% had a high level of knowledge regarding IVC. Conclusions: The study showed a low level of knowledge of IVC among nursing students; therefore, there should be an educational seminar to enhance the knowledge of nursing students regarding IVC. CrossLinks International Publishers 2024-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/82 10.54393/nrs.v4i02.82 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2024: Volume 04 Issue 02 (April-June Issue); 32-35 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v4i02 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/82/73 10.54393/nrs.v4i02.82.g73 Copyright (c) 2024 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/83 2025-12-08T09:27:53Z nrs:O.A driver

Knowledge, Awareness of Diabetes Mellitus in Nurses Working in Tertiary Care Hospital of Peshawar: Diabetes Knowledge among Nurses Rahman, Ihsanur Ullah, Naveed Dad, Afsar Ali, Izaz Diabetes Mellitus Nurses Knowledge Patient Education According to the global burden of disease (2021) statistics, 529 million people were living with diabetes with the incidence of 6.1% globally. With increase in diabetes prevalence, nurses need comprehensive knowledge for effective patient care. Nurses, as part of multidisciplinary teams, play a crucial role in patient education for lifelong diabetes management. Objective: To assess the nurses’ knowledge awareness about diabetes mellitus working in tertiary care hospital in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Methods: This was cross-sectional study conducted in the tertiary care hospital of Peshawar, levels of knowledge were evaluated using the 40-items Knowledge score questionnaire. Additionally, outlined demographic characteristics of the participants. Pearson correlation was applied to assess associations between nurses' knowledge scores and relevant demographic variables. Results: Among 280 nurses, the average knowledge score was 36.11 ± 1.78 (90.3%) on a 100-point scale. While participants of the study were correctly answered the acute and chronic complications of DM such as slow wound healing, damage of (Kidney, Nerve, Foot), Diabetic ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state were 92.1%, 85.4%, 87.9%, 98.2%, 92.9% and 72.9% respectively. Moreover, a statistical difference in knowledge scores was observed between nurses with and without a family history of diabetes (P 0.00). Conclusions: Nurses have shown good knowledge on the various aspects of diabetes mellitus. However, there were some areas which need improvement. The general knowledge was better, but the score on dietary management, role of somatostatin in glucose regulation, renal and eye complications, and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state was below 90%. CrossLinks International Publishers 2024-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/83 10.54393/nrs.v4i02.83 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2024: Volume 04 Issue 02 (April-June Issue); 17-22 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v4i02 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/83/70 10.54393/nrs.v4i02.83.g70 Copyright (c) 2024 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/84 2025-12-08T09:27:53Z nrs:O.A driver

Perception of Student Nurses about their Clinical Learning Environment at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Center Lahore: Perception about Clinical Learning Environment Ali, Shazia Salamat Munir, Asim Majeed, Faisal Ullah, Saif Rasool, Ghulam Hyder, Ali Perception Clinical Orientation Learning Environment Student nurses perceive that learning environment is a clinical area where students can learn new things according to their set objectives and enhance their knowledge and skills, there are a lot of challenges that students face during clinical placement. Objective: To explore perception of student nurses about their clinical learning environment at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital & Research Center Lahore. Methods: This study was a cross sectional survey conducted at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital from May 2022 to June 2022. Interprofessional clinical learning environment inventory tool was used for data collection from 37 student nurses. Data analysis was done by SPSS version 20.0. P-value<0.05 will be considered as significant. Results: There were 14 males and 23 female student is current study. 79% of the students showed positive perception and only 21% shows negative perception about their clinical learning environment. More than 94% nurse students suggested that clinical orientation was relevant and well organized according to their objectives.56% Students during their clinical rotation felt that they belonged to the same clinical area and 89% reported that the behavior of that area staff was friendly. There was insignificant association between gender and Clinical Learning Environment (P-value>0.05). Conclusions: The students showed positive perception and satisfaction about the clinical learning environment which indicates that the clinical learning environment is crucial for nursing students, enhancing their clinical, communication, and problem-solving skills. CrossLinks International Publishers 2024-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/84 10.54393/nrs.v4i02.84 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2024: Volume 04 Issue 02 (April-June Issue); 06-11 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v4i02 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/84/67 10.54393/nrs.v4i02.84.g67 Copyright (c) 2024 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/85 2025-12-08T09:27:53Z nrs:O.A driver

Knowledge Regarding Needle Stick Injury Among Nurses of Tertiary Care Hospitals of Lahore: Knowledge of Needle Stick Injury Gulnaz, Mudassar Rasool, Ghulam Ullah, Saif Salamat, Shazia Hyder, Ali Majeed, Sughra Needle Stick Injury Healthcare Workers Occupational Exposure Injury Prevention Needle Stick Injuries (NSIs) in healthcare environments represent a widespread concern globally. Such injuries involve the piercing of the skin by a sharp object. They often occur during tasks like drawing blood, administering injections, or handling other sharp instruments, posing a significant risk to healthcare workers. Objective: To access knowledge regarding Needle Stick Injury among Nurses of Tertiary Care Hospital of Lahore. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Sharif City Hospital is a tertiary care teaching hospital. A total of 100 Staff Nurses were selected to participate in this study. A structured questionnaire was administered regarding knowledge of needle stick injury. The data were entered in SPSS version 25.0 software for statistical analysis and Data Interpretation. SPSS was used for data analysis. Results: Out of 100, majority of participants were female (58%), senior staff nurses (41%) and work in surgery department (34%). It was found that 48% Staff Nurses have suffered from sharps injury in the past the overall knowledge among nurses regarding sharp injury showed that knowledge regarding needle stick injury among nurses 59% have good knowledge, 27% have poor knowledge and 15% have poor knowledge. 48% of them have suffered from sharp injury, 38% have known about protocols regarding needle injury and 58% know about sharp disposal protocol. Conclusions: It was concluded that nurses have adequate knowledge regarding sharp injury, most of the sharps injuries were accidental and due to lack of knowledge and experience. CrossLinks International Publishers 2024-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/85 10.54393/nrs.v4i02.85 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2024: Volume 04 Issue 02 (April-June Issue); 02-05 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v4i02 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/85/66 10.54393/nrs.v4i02.85.g66 Copyright (c) 2024 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/86 2025-12-08T09:27:53Z nrs:O.A driver

Role of Perceived Stress in Depression Among Trainee Nurses In Pakistan: Depression Among Trainee Nurses in Pakistan Mushtaq, Rabia Ahmad, Riaz Perceived Stress Scale Depression Female Trainee Nurses Stress has been defined as a threat to one’s quality of life and physical and psychological well-being. Nursing students are more likely to suffer from stress due to the nature of their work, which may play a significant role in the development of psychological illnesses specifically depression. Objective: To find the role of perceived stress in depression in trainee nurses in Pakistan. Methods: The correlational research design was used in this study and the sample was selected by using purposive sampling technique. 555 female trainee nurses of age between 19 to 30 years (mean age of 21.41 years; SD= 2.25) participated in this study. Perceived stress was assessed using Urdu version of Perceived Stress Scale, while for Depression, indigenously developed Siddiqui-Shah Depression Scale was utilized. Results: The findings discovered that perceived stress plays a significant role in depression [R2=.30, β= .55, F (1, 553) = 245.54, p<.00]. Conclusions: Globally, Nurses are taken as a vital part to healthcare system, including Pakistan where mental health issues among the population are noteworthy. The study concluded that perceived stress predicts depression among hospital trainee nurses. The findings may also have substantial implications in the imminent interventions to preclude nursing students experience stress and its inverse impacts of psychological nature. CrossLinks International Publishers 2024-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/86 10.54393/nrs.v4i02.86 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2024: Volume 04 Issue 02 (April-June Issue); 12-16 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v4i02 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/86/69 10.54393/nrs.v4i02.86.g69 Copyright (c) 2024 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/89 2025-12-08T09:27:53Z nrs:edt driver

Compassionate Care in Cardiology: The Role of Nurses in Cardiovascular Disease Management Ahmed, Naseer Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the disorders that affect the heart and blood vessels, and encompass a broad range of conditions which may lead to severe complications like heart attack, stroke and heart failure. These conditions are the leading causes of death globally and contribute to significant morbidity cases specifically in developing and least developed countries. Early detection, prompt treatment, and ongoing management are crucial in reducing the burden of CVD and improving outcomes for affected individuals. Nurses play a great role in the prevention, management, and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) across various healthcare settings and are at the forefront to drive transformative initiatives that revolutionize care delivery and elevate standards of practice. Nurses play an important role in CVD prevention by educating individuals and communities about risk factors and supporting healthy lifestyle choices such as regular exercise, a well-balanced diet, smoking cessation, and stress management. In order to lessen the frequency and severity of CVDs, they equip people with the knowledge and abilities to prevent these disorders. In addition, Nurses conduct comprehensive health assessments to identify individuals at risk for CVDs based on factors such as family history, lifestyle habits, and medical history. They perform screenings for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and other risk factors, facilitating early detection and intervention to prevent or delay the onset of CVDs. Moreover, they provide tailored education and counseling to patients diagnosed with CVDs, empowering them to understand their condition, adhere to treatment plans, and make informed decisions about their health. They educate patients about medications, lifestyle modifications, dietary changes, and self-care practices to manage CVDs effectively and prevent complications. Nursing leaders, who often hold positions such as nurse managers, clinical nurse specialists, or nurse practitioners, are instrumental in optimizing the management of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). They are responsible for ensuring that patients with CVDs receive timely access to evidence-based interventions for both acute episodes and long-term management. This involves developing protocols, guidelines, and care pathways that outline best practices for the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of CVDs. By staying abreast of the latest research and clinical evidence, nursing leaders ensure that their teams deliver high-quality care that aligns with current standards and recommendations. Furthermore, hey foster collaboration among healthcare team members from diverse disciplines, including physicians, pharmacists, therapists, and social workers. By bringing together expertise from multiple specialties, nursing leaders ensure that patients with CVDs receive comprehensive, coordinated care that addresses their physical, emotional, and social needs. All in all, nurses are the linchpin in reshaping the future of CVD management environment as they foster innovation, cooperation, and advocacy to improve outcomes and quality of life for people living with these illnesses. By bridging silos, breaking down barriers, and promoting a spirit of teamwork, nurses are facilitating seamless care coordination and integration to ensure that individuals with CVDs receive comprehensive, patient-centered care that addresses their holistic needs. CrossLinks International Publishers 2024-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/89 10.54393/nrs.v4i02.89 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2024: Volume 04 Issue 02 (April-June Issue); 01 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v4i02 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/89/68 10.54393/nrs.v4i02.89.g68 Copyright (c) 2024 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/90 2025-12-08T09:27:53Z nrs:O.A driver

Assess the Knowledge and Attitude of Nurses Regarding High Alert Medication in Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi: Knowledge and Attitude of Nurses on High Alert Medications Ahmad, Ashfaq Khan, Dawood Bibi, Afsha Khan, Muhammad Irfan Kauser, Mehreen Qiamuddin, . Zinab, . Hasan, Muhammad Ishaq, Muhammad Ullah, Sajid High Alert Medications Nurses' Knowledge Attitude Medication Safety Inappropriate administration of high-alert drugs carries a significant risk of death or serious injury. Objective: To assess the level of knowledge and attitude regarding high-alert medication among nurses. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Karachi among 56 nurses from January 2024 to March 2024. Participants were selected through a convenient sampling technique. The sample size was calculated by open EPI softer by considering a 95% confidence level and a 5% margin of error. The data were entered and analyzed by Statistical Package Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 26.0. Results: According to the study results, (64.3%) of the participants had a Positive attitude and (73.2%) had a high level of knowledge regarding high-alert medications (35.7%) had a negative attitude, and (19.6%) had a moderate level of knowledge regarding HAMs. Conclusions: This study concluded that most of the nurses had positive attitudes and a high level of knowledge regarding high-alert medications. CrossLinks International Publishers 2024-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/90 10.54393/nrs.v4i02.90 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2024: Volume 04 Issue 02 (April-June Issue); 23-27 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v4i02 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/90/71 10.54393/nrs.v4i02.90.g71 Copyright (c) 2024 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/91 2025-12-08T09:27:53Z nrs:O.A driver

Assessment of Emotional Distress among Hepatitis C Patients Undergoing Antiviral Therapy at Jinnah Hospital Lahore: Assessment of Emotional Distress among Hepatitis C Patients Rafiq, Amna Majeed, Aqsa Rehman, Nargis Abdul Rafique, Amna Sajjad, Umee Aiman Zulfiqar, Maham Emotional Distress Hepatitis C Patients Antiviral Therapy Hepatitis C is a significant worldwide health issue, causing mental and psychological distress in individuals, resulting in heightened stress and depression. Objective: To assess the emotional distress and assess the relationship between emotional distress and demographic variables of hepatitis c patients undergoing antiviral therapy at Jinnah Hospital Lahore. Methods: A quantitative cross sectional study design was used for this study. The study was carried out in Jinnah Hospital Lahore. Sample size of 108 patients is calculated with 95% confidence interval and 5% margin of error. Data were collected by using self-developed through convenient sampling technique. Both Male and female conscious patient, have a confirmed diagnosis of Hepatitis C and on antiviral therapy for 12 weeks were included in the study. Patients with Liver Cirrhosis and emotional trauma were excluded from study. An adopted Emotional Distress scale, consists of 14 questions was used to collect data from patients Emotional Distress Scale was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0. Chi square test applied to assess association between emotional distress and demographic variables of Hepatitis C patients. Results: The result showed that among 108, the most of the participants are the age group of 18-40 years and 58.3% are female. Emotional distress among hepatitis C patients undergoing antiviral therapy revealed varying degrees of emotional experiences and majority 45.4% of participants had severe distress. Conclusions: It was concluded that majority experienced severe emotional distress during antiviral therapy, offering valuable insights for interventions. CrossLinks International Publishers 2024-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/91 10.54393/nrs.v4i02.91 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2024: Volume 04 Issue 02 (April-June Issue); 28-31 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v4i02 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/91/72 10.54393/nrs.v4i02.91.g72 Copyright (c) 2024 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/92 2024-10-05T12:10:21Z nrs:O.A driver

Assessment of the Level of Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Advanced Life Support Skills among Nurses Working in the Critical Areas (CCU, ICU and ER) of Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore: Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Advanced Life Support Skills Sajjad, Umee Aiman Zulfiqar, Maham Rehman, Nargis Abdul Rafique, Amna Majeed, Aqsa Knowledge Attitude Advanced Life Support Critical Areas Nurses Advance life support is the basic intervention to deal with cardiac arrest. Cardiac arrest has no time, place, or personal boundaries. According to WHO, it is estimated that about 23 million of people will die every year due to cardiovascular diseases and the chances of cardiac arrest are greater in people who have history of cardiovascular diseases. Advanced life support training consists of a set of life-saving protocols, interventions, and skills. Objectives: To determine the level of knowledge and attitude of critical care nurses regarding Advanced Life Support (ALS) skills and to assess association between level of knowledge and attitude and demographic characteristics of nurses. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among critical care nurses of Punjab Institute of Cardiology. About 115 nurses were selected through convenient sampling method. The study was completed in four months from October 2023 to January 2024. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 25.  Results: Findings of study showed that 18 participants were male and 97 were female. Overall results indicated that 8.7% (n=10) nurses have poor knowledge, 39.1% (n=45) have average knowledge, 43.5% (n=50) have a good knowledge and only 8.7% (n=10) have excellent knowledge. On the other side, 71.3% (n=82) have a positive attitude and 28.7% (n=33) have negative attitude regarding ALS. Conclusions: A significant proportion of nurses have average to good knowledge and positive attitude. Only a few nurses have poor knowledge and negative attitude. CrossLinks International Publishers 2024-09-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/92 10.54393/nrs.v4i03.92 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2024: Volume 04 Issue 03 (July-September Issue); 09-13 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v4i03 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/92/76 10.54393/nrs.v4i03.92.g76 Copyright (c) 2024 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/94 2024-10-05T12:10:13Z nrs:O.A driver

Assessing the Level of Knowledge Regarding Medication Errors among Nurses in Karachi, Pakistan: Knowledge Regarding Medication Errors among Nurses Ahmad, Ashfaq Khan, Shahab Bibi, Afsha Afsheen, . Ali, Akhter Ullah, Zeeshan Shah, Syed Abdul Jandal Ullah, Shakir Ishaq, Muhammad Imtiaz, Muhammad Medications Errors Knowledge Nurses Statistical Package Social Sciences One of the key elements influencing hospital service quality and decreasing patient safety in healthcare systems is medical error. In the healthcare industry, medication errors are a frequent source of harm and fatalities. Objective: To assess the level of knowledge among nurses regarding medication errors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Karachi among 120 nurses from January 2024 to March 2024. Participants were selected through a convenient sampling technique. The sample size was calculated by open EPI softer by taking into consideration a 95% confidence level and a 5% margin of error. The data were entered and analyzed by Statistical Package Social Sciences software version 26. Results: According to the study results, 14 (12%) of the participants had a low level of knowledge, and 37 (31%), had a moderate level of knowledge. while 69 (57%) had a high level of knowledge regarding medication errors. Conclusion: This study concluded that most of the nurses had a high level of knowledge regarding medication errors.   CrossLinks International Publishers 2024-09-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/94 10.54393/nrs.v4i03.94 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2024: Volume 04 Issue 03 (July-September Issue); 14-17 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v4i03 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/94/77 10.54393/nrs.v4i03.94.g77 Copyright (c) 2024 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/98 2026-03-05T09:44:49Z nrs:O.A driver

Concept Mapping as a Learning Tool among BSN Students at a Private College Karachi: Concept Mapping for BSN Students Yousafzai, Aziz Ur Rehman Huma, . Adil, Nida Ali, Mahboob Khan, Jehangir Farooq, Syed Umar Ali, Arzoo Qasim John, Anam Kaleem Ali, Zohra Anam, . Concept Mapping Nursing Education Critical Thinking Learning Tool Concept Mapping (CM) is a learning tool that plays an important role in education and provides a systematic path towards improving nursing knowledge, clinical skills and curriculum development. Objective: To assess whether CM is a useful learning tool for the students of nursing at a private college in Karachi. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional approach using a non-probability convenient sampling technique was applied, and a well-structured questionnaire containing 20 questions was distributed among the participants. Data were collected from post-RN BSc N students at Horizon School of Nursing from October to December 2023. Written consent was obtained from the participants. Data analysis was done using statistical package for social science (SPSS version 26.0). Results: Results showed that majority (30.0%) of the participants were in age group 31-35 years, most of them were females (87.5%), regarding level of education majority (87.5%) were in 2nd year and 82.5% were married. The data overwhelmingly supported concept mapping's usefulness among undergraduate nurses, with 80% to 95% of the responses were in favor of its benefits. Participants, ranging from 87.5% to 97%, agreed that CM aids in understanding topics thoroughly, promotes critical thinking, and enhances study skills. Moreover, 80% of the students told that CM is a useful learning tool. Conclusions: CM in higher education is a useful learning tool supported by the students, they agreed that it enhances understanding and critical thinking making it a highly valued learning strategy. Therefore, the use of this tool should be implemented in all nursing schools and colleges. CrossLinks International Publishers 2025-03-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/98 10.54393/nrs.v5i1.98 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2025: Volume 05 Issue 01 (January-March Issue); 09-13 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v5i1 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/98/96 10.54393/nrs.v5i1.98.g96 Copyright (c) 2025 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/108 2024-11-22T17:07:58Z nrs:O.A driver

Occupational Stress and Turnover Intentions: Implication for Nursing Management: Occupational Stress and Turnover in Nursing Tariq, Kalash Siddique, Humaira Jabeen, Rubina Tasneem, Syeda Occupational Stress Turnover Intention Nursing Management Workload Nurse Retention Occupational stress and Turnover Intention Questionnaire Most of the time, individuals have to endure many kinds of occupational stressors at their workplaces that challenge their serene and skilled personalities, disturbing their aptitude. Therefore, a person may quit their employment, which is their turnover intention. Objective: To assess the occupational stress and turnover intention: implications for nursing management. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional research study design was used. The study used a purposive sampling technique. The study population was staff nurses, and the sample size was 133. Results: The study reported that the occupational stress to the staff nurses in the field, those who mostly agreed were 70% and strongly agreed were 20%, and 10% were uncertain about stress in their working setup. Most staff nurses agreed that nurses leave their jobs and turn over to the next hospital, which was 80%, and strongly agreed 10%, and those nurses who compromise on the field were 10%. Conclusions: The study concluded that most nurses have high occupational stress and turnover intention. Therefore, it’s the responsibility of the management to provide a favourable or soothing environment by lowering workload and providing several staff nurses by the related departments, which helps the staff nurses to lower their occupation stress and thus limit turnover intentions in the hospital setup. CrossLinks International Publishers 2024-09-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/108 10.54393/nrs.v4i03.108 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2024: Volume 04 Issue 03 (July-September Issue); 18-23 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v4i03 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/108/78 10.54393/nrs.v4i03.108.g78 Copyright (c) 2024 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/109 2024-10-05T12:10:05Z nrs:O.A driver

Nursing Students’ Attitude and Motivation towards Learning English Communication Skills at Nursing College, Lahore: Attitude and Motivation towards Learning English Jamil, Asifa Jamil, Nimra Azeem, Zulfiqar Mustafa, Ghulam Parveen, Shagufta Dildar, Umbreen : Gardner’s Attitude/Motivation Test Battery scale English Learning Communication Skills English has become an international language and has been used in the whole world as a primary mode of communication. Unfortunately, English speaking has become a challenge for students and a hurdle in communicating with other nations. Objectives: To assess the motivation and attitude toward English learning among Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) students at the Akhtar Saeed Medical College of Nursing. Methods: This current study employed a quantitative design. A questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey was conducted at Akhtar Saeed Medical College of Nursing, Lahore, Pakistan. Data were collected from a sample of sixty-six BS Nursing students out of a population of two hundred, selected using the convenience sampling technique. The research tool used for this study was adopted from Gardner’s Attitude/Motivation Test Battery (AMTB). An analysis of the gathered data was conducted using SPSS statistics IBM 26. Results: The findings showed nursing students as highly motivated. More than 80% of students know its importance in career advancement, Job opportunities, getting a Grade ‘A’, higher education, knowledge advancement, and going abroad. Half of the students showed a positive attitude. Few students showed negative attitudes due to the anxiety of making mistakes while speaking in front of others.  Conclusions: It was concluded that after analyzing the results It is clear that although students are driven to study English, they are afraid to speak in front of others. Because of the small sample size, more studies on a larger sample and in other Pakistani educational institutions should be done in the future. CrossLinks International Publishers 2024-09-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/109 10.54393/nrs.v4i03.109 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2024: Volume 04 Issue 03 (July-September Issue); 02-07 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v4i03 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/109/74 10.54393/nrs.v4i03.109.g74 Copyright (c) 2024 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/110 2024-10-05T12:09:58Z nrs:edt driver

From Classroom to Clinic: Modernizing Nursing Education for a Digital Age Badil , . Nursing education is an integral part of the healthcare system and is evolving to meet the demands of the healthcare environment. Nurses often serve as initial contacts for patients and play a crucial role in coordinating care among various healthcare professionals. Nursing facilities are evolving day by day due to the rapid medical and technological advancements all over the world, and the role of nurses has expanded significantly. One of the impacts of modern medical technology on nursing education is the integration of electronic health records (EHRs) and other digital systems [1]. However, the traditional nursing education system fails to bridge the gap between what nurses do and how they conceptualize their work required in the modern healthcare system. A significant challenge is the increasing demand for nurses equipped with specialized knowledge and skills. To address this, nursing education must move beyond traditional methods and incorporate modern technological approaches. As healthcare technology advances, nursing education must adapt accordingly. Nurses need to develop digital competencies to effectively utilize these technologies. Encouragingly, progress is being made in this area. Many educational institutions are now incorporating virtual reality training, simulation-based learning, and various online platforms to enhance critical thinking and clinical skills [2]. These innovative approaches set new standards for nursing education, helping to strengthen professional identity and stay current with the latest research and best practices. Interdisciplinary Collaboration is also becoming a fundamental part of nursing education. By learning alongside medical, pharmacy, and allied health students, nursing students are better prepared for teamwork and holistic patient care. Additionally, cultural competency and diversity training are essential for preparing nurses to provide care to increasingly diverse populations. Similarly, the importance of mental health education for nurses cannot be overstated, both for providing patient care and maintaining their own well-being in a high-stress profession. Incorporating leadership and management skills into nursing curricula prepares nurses for roles in administration and policy-making. By raising educational standards, nursing programs can enhance clinical skills and equip nurses with the knowledge needed to thrive in an ever-changing healthcare environment. In the upcoming years, there is an increase in the demand for healthcare services to be expected. Advanced healthcare technology prepares nurses through digital training, including EHRs, simulation labs, and mobile health applications, all of which are essential for enhancing patient care. All in all, enhancing nursing education is essential for meeting the needs of the modern healthcare system. We can empower nurses to thrive as frontline healthcare providers. And they ultimately lead to better healthcare outcomes and a stronger healthcare system. CrossLinks International Publishers 2024-09-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/110 10.54393/nrs.v4i03.110 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2024: Volume 04 Issue 03 (July-September Issue); 01-02 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v4i03 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/110/75 10.54393/nrs.v4i03.110.g75 Copyright (c) 2024 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/113 2025-04-23T11:47:14Z nrs:S.R driver

Parental Roles in Early Detection and Long-Term Care of Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Early Detection and Long-Term Care of Necrotizing Enterocolitis Ali, Anny Ashiq Ali, Anisa Amir Shamim, Sadia Necrotizing Enterocolitis Parental Involvement Early Detection Educational Programs Necrotizing Enterocolitis is a devastating disease of the gastrointestinal tract, where full-thickness necrosis develops through processes that remain uncertain, and with early diagnosis, a patient's prognosis can be improved. However, parents are the primary caregivers of neonates; they may be best positioned to identify early signs of necrotizing enterocolitis, and their involvement is fundamental. Objectives: To evaluate the role defined by parents in the early recognition of necrotizing enterocolitis symptoms in the relevant neonates, as well as the potential suggestions from parents on how their involvement could impact early recognition, management, and outcomes of the disease. Methods: The literature used in this review paper is selected from PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. The search method included using terms such as "Necrotizing Enterocolitis," "parental involvement," "early detection," "educational programs," and "premature neonates”. Studies from qualitative and quantitative were selected and published within five years. A total of 1200 articles were selected, and after removing duplicate studies, 850 articles were sought. Consequently, 50 articles were introduced in the final review. Results: The results indicated that parents play an important role in identifying the early signs of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in premature neonates. Research emphasizes educating parents on recognizing these warning signs and encouraging prompt communication with healthcare services. Conclusions: It was concluded that the crucial role of parental enlightenment and education about symptoms of Necrotizing Enterocolitis, as well as liaison with the healthcare providers, would ensure that early diagnosis and treatment for an increase in newborn survival chances take place.   CrossLinks International Publishers 2024-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/113 10.54393/nrs.v4i04.113 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2024: Volume 04 Issue 04 (October-December Issue); 43-49 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v4i04 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/113/91 10.54393/nrs.v4i04.113.g91 Copyright (c) 2024 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/114 2025-01-13T11:47:14Z nrs:O.A driver

Effect of Educational Interventions on Awareness of Dengue Fever and Its Preventive Measures among High School Students: Educational Interventions On Awareness of Dengue Fever Aslam, Fakhra Bibi, Razia Lal Din, Irshad Anwar, Sajida Mehboob, Dua Yousuf Habib, Umema Fatima, Aliya Dengue Fever Awareness Preventive Measures High School Students Educational Intervention Dengue fever was a communicable disease transmitted through a vector borne means. Dengue fever was also known as break bone fever and clinical manifestation in the form of headache, nausea, vomiting, and fever, joint and muscular pain occurred more frequently in patients. Objective: To improve the awareness on dengue fever and its preventive measures among high school student. Methods: A quasi- experimental (pre-test, post-test) study design was used. The duration of the study was six months, and a convenient sampling technique was used to collect data from high school students. The sample size of the current study was 36 and data were collected through adopted questionnaire. Results: 58.3% of study participants belong to 9thclass while remaining were from 10th (41.7 %.). As per age brackets, 38.8% students were belong to 15years of age, the 16 years age students were 33% while only 5% comes under the age of 18 years. The pre intervention mean awareness score was 7.13±1.41 while the post test enhancement in awareness score was 13.69 ±3.02. There was a statistically significant difference between pre and post intervention awareness score after the health education session. Conclusions: The findings of present study suggested that awareness of students was enhanced after educational interventions. Their awareness had been improved about the causative agent, sign/symptoms, mode of transmission, mechanism of infection etc. after educational session. Moreover, the participant’s awareness improved about preventive measures of dengue control likely environmental control (spraying and fogging) and personal protection after educational program. Educational programs help to change the attitude and behavior of the participants towards control measures. CrossLinks International Publishers 2024-09-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/114 10.54393/nrs.v4i03.114 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2024: Volume 04 Issue 03 (July-September Issue); 24-29 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v4i03 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/114/79 10.54393/nrs.v4i03.114.g79 Copyright (c) 2024 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/116 2025-01-20T15:36:18Z nrs:O.A driver

Prevalence and Perceptions of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Hospital Nurses in Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi Pakistan; A Cross-Sectional Study: Prevalence of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Hospital Nurses Ali, Farzana Mehboob Haroon, Rukhsana M Khan, Danish Ahmed Siddiqui, Danish Ali Parvez, Aihtisham Bushra, Huda Shivji, Noor-e- Marfa Amin Prevalence Perception Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Nurses Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are a matter of worrisome for both staff and employers. The phrase “musculoskeletal disorders” refers to a group of ailments that injure the muscles, tendons, ligaments, nerves, and joints and are frequently accompanied by pain, discomfort, and incapacity. Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in nurses and to assess the perception of risk factors which are associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders in nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional research study was conducted at Civil Hospital and Dow University Hospital Karachi. The data were collected from a sample of 336 nurses using non-probability convenience sampling. Results: The result of this study showed that the lower back region was the most popular with 29.2% of the respondents experiencing pain, followed by neck and shoulder (21.2% each), upper back (16.6%), wrist (6.6%), knees (2.5%), thumb (1.1%), ankles (1.1%) and hips (0.5%). The musculoskeletal disorders affect both male and female similarly. Conclusions: It was concluded that hospital nurses are highly susceptible to work-related musculoskeletal disorders. The lower back is the most commonly affected body part. Factors such as prolonged standing, awkward postures, and the same task over and over again as contributing factors to work-related musculoskeletal disorders. CrossLinks International Publishers 2024-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/116 10.54393/nrs.v4i04.116 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2024: Volume 04 Issue 04 (October-December Issue); 22-27 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v4i04 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/116/85 10.54393/nrs.v4i04.116.g85 Copyright (c) 2024 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/118 2025-01-21T10:20:15Z nrs:O.A driver

Association of Job Shift Length with Quality Nursing Care in Tertiary Care Hospitals, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Job Shift Length with Quality Nursing Care Karim, Abdul Khan, Abdal Khan, Mansoor Khan, Jamal Habib, Tariq Shan, Muhammad Ali Yaseen, Muhammad Khan, Sheraz Shift Length Quality Nursing Care Nurses’ Workload Association Nurses are the backbone of hospitals, as they spend more time with patient care compared to other health care professionals. Consistently, nurses are doing their duties in various shifts of different lengths.  Usually, long shift duty hours are commonly associated with poor-quality nursing care. Objective: To assess the association of job shift length with quality nursing care in a tertiary care hospital in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Methods: An analytical study design was used to find out the association between study variables. The target population was the registered nurses working in public hospitals in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A convenient sampling approach was used to collect data from 377 nurses working in tertiary care hospitals in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa via an adapted questionnaire. Data were analyzed through SPSS version 26.0 for the frequency, percentage, and mean for demographic variables, and the association, the Spearman rank correlation test was used. Results: The findings show that the majority of the participants were male (56.2%), and more than half were young nurses (54.9%). There was a strong positive relationship between small shift length and quality nursing care and a weak negative in the case of long shifts. However, individual subscales show a positive association between shift duration and quality nursing care. Conclusions: It was concluded that there was a mixed association between shift length and quality care. The study suggests that proper documentation and working in medium shifts instead of long shifts can enhance patient safety and quality care.  CrossLinks International Publishers 2024-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/118 10.54393/nrs.v4i04.118 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2024: Volume 04 Issue 04 (October-December Issue); 17-21 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v4i04 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/118/86 10.54393/nrs.v4i04.118.g86 Copyright (c) 2024 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/119 2025-10-18T10:14:47Z nrs:O.A driver

Assess Nursing Student Perception Regarding Teamwork in Private Nursing College Karachi: Nursing Student Perception Regarding Teamwork Khan, Abbas Bibi, Afsha Khan, Yasir Bacha, Adil Khan, Hazrat Bilal Ali, Rizwan Hanif, Muhammad Usama Khan, Waqar Khan, Bilal Sabghatullah, Hafiz Nursing Student Teamwork Nursing student perception teamwork tool Through strategies like team-based learning and interprofessional education, the importance of teamwork in nursing education is highlighted. Objective: To assess nursing student perception regarding teamwork in a private nursing college in Karachi. Methods: A validated questionnaire was used in this cross-sectional study at Horizon School of Nursing in Pakistan, among 175 Bachelor of Science in Nursing students. Data were gathered over the course of four months, and demographic correlations were examined using SPSS version 26.0. The study placed a high priority on ethical considerations.Results: The attitudes and perspectives of nursing students on teamwork in healthcare settings are examined in this study. Although 80% of participants acknowledge shared duties, a considerable number (76%) exhibit aversion towards working in teams. Issues including unequal workload distribution (52.6%) and perceived low importance on personal opinions (57.1%) are common among those surveyed. Furthermore, most of the respondents saw team meetings as time-consuming (76%), ineffective (57.1%), and leading to a decrease in workload (68%). Still, the majority (73.7%) acknowledge that teamwork improves talent as well. Conclusion: The study on nursing students' perspectives of cooperation reveals a complicated environment characterized by problems such as incomplete assignments, shared responsibility, and non-participation.  CrossLinks International Publishers 2024-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/119 10.54393/nrs.v4i04.119 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2024: Volume 04 Issue 04 (October-December Issue); 03-07 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v4i04 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/119/80 10.54393/nrs.v4i04.119.g80 Copyright (c) 2025 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/121 2025-01-18T15:35:08Z nrs:O.A driver

Association of Perceived Professional Identity with Academic Year Among Undergraduate Nursing Students at a Public Sector College of Nursing in Rawalpindi: A Cross-Sectional Study: Professional Identity with Academic Year in Undergraduate Nursing Students in Rawalpindi Sana, Sadia Abbas, Maryam Zaheer, Shazia Sajeel Ur Rehman, Muhammad Academic Year Professional Identity Undergraduate Nursing Student Association Professional identity is a crucial element in the growth and development of nurses as professionals. The process of professional identity formation begins when students internalize the principles and values of nursing and gain a deeper understanding of their professional roles. Objective: To measure the professional identity of undergraduate nursing students and its association with their academic year. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted from January to August 2024 at a Public-Sector College of Nursing in Rawalpindi. A total of 226 nursing students were selected using universal sampling. Data were collected using the Professional Identity Five Factors Scale, which includes demographic data and measures the level of professional identity. Results: The mean total score of the students’ perceived professional identity was 87.07 ± 14.129, indicating a moderate level of professional identity. No significant differences were observed between academic years (p>0.05). Conclusions: It was concluded that this study provides the first comprehensive evaluation of undergraduate nursing students' perceived professional identities in Pakistan, establishing baseline data for this crucial aspect of nursing education. Enhancements to the curriculum, mentorship programs, and opportunities for hands-on learning can support students in further developing their professional identities and better preparing for careers in nursing.    CrossLinks International Publishers 2024-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/121 10.54393/nrs.v4i04.121 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2024: Volume 04 Issue 04 (October-December Issue); 12-16 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v4i04 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/121/84 10.54393/nrs.v4i04.121.g84 Copyright (c) 2024 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/122 2025-01-18T10:58:38Z nrs:O.A driver

Assess Factors Affecting Absenteeism among Undergraduate Nursing Students in Private Institute Karachi: Factors Affecting Absenteeism among Undergraduate Nursing Students Ahmad, Ashfaq Athar, Muhammad Afshan, . Ullah, Fazlul Rehman, Sami Ur Alam, Sher Khan, Qiamuddin Junid, Muhammad Aleem, Abdul Absenteeism Undergraduate Nursing Students Health Issues Transportation Facilities Absenteeism is a serious discipline issue among students worldwide. Many factors contribute to absenteeism, including a lack of appropriate resources, a lack of academic staff, or a lack of equipment. Objective: To assess factors affecting absenteeism among undergraduate nursing students in private institutes. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out at the Allied Institute of Nursing and Health Sciences in Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 109 undergraduate nursing students were chosen through a convenient sampling technique. A valid and structured tool was used for data collection. There were two components: I socio-demographic data and II assessment of the various factors that contribute to absenteeism. SPSS version 27.0 was applied for data entry and analysis. Results: The majority of the participants were male having a mean age of 21-23 years. Moreover, the major factors that affect absenteeism among undergraduate nursing students are shortage of electricity in college (37.61 %), health issues 35 (32.11%) and lack of resources for transport to college34 (31.19%). Conclusions: It was concluded that shortage of electricity, transportation facilities, and health issues are the major factors that affect absenteeism among undergraduate nursing students. CrossLinks International Publishers 2024-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/122 10.54393/nrs.v4i04.122 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2024: Volume 04 Issue 04 (October-December Issue); 08-11 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v4i04 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/122/82 10.54393/nrs.v4i04.122.g82 Copyright (c) 2024 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/123 2025-02-07T10:22:15Z nrs:O.A driver

Quantifying the Influence of Social Media on Desensitization and Empathy among Undergraduate Nursing Students, A Cross-sectional Study in Mardan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Influence of Social Media among Nursing Students Shaista, . Mazharullah, . Ali, Syed Babar Adil, Muhammad Asadullah, . Adeel, Muhammad Ahmad, Danyal Social Media Usage Empathy Levels Desensitization Nursing Students The widespread use of social media among nursing students has higher concerns about its impact on emotional well-being and vital professional capabilities, such as desensitization and empathy level. These points are critical in nurturing of current patient care quality and sustaining compassionate nursing practice. Objectives: To investigate the relationship between social media usage and levels of desensitization and empathy among undergraduate nursing students in Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. The research pursues to find a shapes of social media consumption that may support to emotional disinterest and reduced empathetic interactions. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study  was conducted in Mardan KPK Pakistan using convenience sampling of 150 nursing students. The duration of this study was 4 months. Data were collected through a modified questionnaire assessing social media usage, empathy, and desensitization. Statistical analyses evaluated the correlations between these variables. Results: The findings revealed a significant positive correlation between high social media usage and increased desensitization, coupled with a notable decline in empathy levels. Students exposed to negative or distressing content on social media showed more noticeable reductions in empathetic responses. The results highlight the potential for social media to influence emotional engagement and sensitivity in professional settings. Conclusions: The study underscored the need for educational interventions within nursing programs to alleviate the belongings of unnecessary  need for social media use. Participating in training on emotional intelligence and responsible social media consumption could improve empathy and reduce desensitization, eventually improving the quality of patient care brought by future nurses. CrossLinks International Publishers 2024-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/123 10.54393/nrs.v4i04.123 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2024: Volume 04 Issue 04 (October-December Issue); 38-42 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v4i04 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/123/93 10.54393/nrs.v4i04.123.g93 Copyright (c) 2024 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/124 2025-10-18T10:34:32Z nrs:O.A driver

Assessment of the Nurse’s Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Pain Management: Nurse’s Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Pain Management Nawaz, Haq Bibi, Afsha Younas, Muhammad Shaheroom, . Anam, . Hayat, Shahid Shaikh, Muhammad Hanain Khan, Yasir Faisal, Shah Ali, Rizwan Knowledge Attitudes Nurses Pain Management Nurses are vital in ensuring effective pain management within the healthcare team, necessitating a profound grasp of pain and a heightened sensitivity in their caregiving approach. Objectives: To evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of nurses toward pain management. Methods: The cross-sectional design was conducted in two private and public sectors in central Karachi from November, 2023 to Feburary 2024 using a purposive sampling technique among 90 participants. Results: The study reveals that 62.8% of participants were aged 24-30, 30% identified as male, 61.1% were post-registered nurse educated, and 73.3% had 1-5 years of experience. Participant knowledge varied, with 34.4% agreeing on giving narcotics regularly, and attitudes showed diverse perspectives, such as 27.8% strongly agreeing that the absence of pain expression does not indicate the lack of pain. Conclusions: It was concluded that the study highlights significant deficiencies in nurses' knowledge and attitudes regarding pain management, necessitating urgent, evidence-based educational interventions for a more compassionate approach to nursing care CrossLinks International Publishers 2024-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/124 10.54393/nrs.v4i04.124 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2024: Volume 04 Issue 04 (October-December Issue); 28-33 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v4i04 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/124/89 10.54393/nrs.v4i04.124.g89 Copyright (c) 2024 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/125 2025-10-18T10:46:57Z nrs:O.A driver

Academic Engagement in Undergraduate Nursing Students in Swat: Academic Engagement in Undergraduate Nursing Students Ali, Mazhar Bibi, Afsha Ahmad, Asif Ahmad, Zeeshan Ahmad, Fawad Hussain, Abid Fozia, . Shah, Bilal Khan, Salar Iqbal, Asad Academic Engagement Undergraduate Nursing Students Student Engagement Nursing Education One of the most important factors affecting students' learning outcomes, overall growth, and academic achievement is academic engagement. Engagement is particularly important in nursing education because it has a direct impact on the development of critical thinking, clinical decision-making, and patient care abilities. Objective: To measure the level of academic engagement among nursing students in Swat. Methods: A cross-sectional study methodology was utilized, encompassing 218 nursing students from five private nursing colleges in Swat. Students enrolled in the 4th, 5th, and 8th semesters were selected using a convenience sampling technique. Data were collected using the Academic Engagement Scale, which consists of 14 items covering three subscales: vigor, dedication, and absorption. The scale uses a seven-point rating system, with scores ranging from 1 (never) to 7 (always). Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0, including descriptive statistics and frequency tables. Results: The research indicated that 89.4% of participants were male, and 89% of the students were aged 20 to 24 years. The average academic engagement score was 70.57 out of 98, indicating a relatively high level of engagement among the students. Conclusions: It was concluded that nursing students in Swat display a considerable degree of academic engagement, achieving an average score of 70.57 out of 98. This indicates active involvement in academic activities, which is crucial for the development of key skills necessary for nursing practice. CrossLinks International Publishers 2024-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/125 10.54393/nrs.v4i04.125 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2024: Volume 04 Issue 04 (October-December Issue); 34-37 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v4i04 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/125/90 10.54393/nrs.v4i04.125.g90 Copyright (c) 2024 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/126 2025-01-18T10:58:38Z nrs:edt driver

Underappreciation of Nurses in Pakistan: A Silent Catalyst for Burnout Hameed, Sajid Underappreciation of nurses in Pakistan is one of the major causes of their burnout experiences every day. This lack of recognition in the workplace exacerbates their difficulties and emphasizes the need to transform systems. Nursing is often perceived in a demeaning manner in most developing countries like Pakistan, and if their skills are not appreciated, dissatisfaction, apathy, and resentment prevail. Appreciation has much to do with self-identity, which also seems to be the issue with many female nurses. They often feel powerless, courtesy of the ever-evolving self-image constructed within the patriarchal health organizations. Contrary to expectations, the position of nurses is not highly regarded in our society, and as a result, they are subject to disappointment and humiliation 1. Mental exhaustion and loss of ambition are some of the issues that most Pakistani nurses go through, as they are constantly asked to play second or even third fiddle. In Pakistan, nurses grapple with issues of self-identity and a cultural mindset that reduces nursing to menial work. It is not unusual for nursing care to be regarded as an extension of household chores, which explains why nurses have been socially portrayed as stereotypically low-skilled caregivers who belong to the low status. This perception is quite dangerous as it puts within reach the historical and false idea in Pakistan that nurses are poor women seeking to earn a living out of a respectable profession2. Public lack of acknowledgment not only devalues nurses in the eyes of society but also affects their motivation and job satisfaction, leading to increased chances of burnout and stress. The professional image of nurses is also one of the factors. In the hierarchy of the healthcare system, nurses are always placed at the bottom and made to perform tasks handed down to them by doctors, which is why they feel overshadowed3. Nurses are often perceived as merely listening and following orders without showcasing their intelligence, which is why they have no value in nursing. It dehumanizes their professional identity, deflating nurses’ morale and prompting more stress and weakness. The compounded effect of these issues – disempowerment, societal undervaluation, and professional devaluation – brings about a situation in which nurses are distanced between themselves and their work and co-workers. Burnout is somewhat understandable because, with no acknowledgment of their efforts across self-role and professional roles, the nurses experience emotional and physical fatigue without support or justification. To eliminate structural shortcomings that lead to a sense of underappreciation, some strategies may help. Focus, emphasis, and appreciation of the contributions nurses make, be it emotional, intellectual, or physical, must be made within the organization as well as outside of it. This can be done through awards, appreciation programs, or public announcements. Another one is fair pay, which is expected of a nurse. Courses or programs in leadership, education, and specialization may be offered to nurses to boost their confidence and increase their job satisfaction. Moreover, harmonizing nurses’ participation in decision-making within the healthcare institution is vital in raising nurses’ status in patient care and management so that they do not feel irrelevant within the team of healthcare service providers. CrossLinks International Publishers 2024-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/126 10.54393/nrs.v4i04.126 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2024: Volume 04 Issue 04 (October-December Issue); 01 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v4i04 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/126/81 10.54393/nrs.v4i04.126.g81 Copyright (c) 2024 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/127 2026-03-05T09:44:49Z nrs:O.A driver

Health-Related Quality of Life among Nurses Working in Public Sector Hospitals of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Health-Related Quality of Life among Nurses Working Rahman, Ihsanur Ullah, Naveed Rasheed, Haroon Jadoon, Aimal Rehman, Adil Ur Iqbal, Mazhar Zaman, Fakhar Karim, Abdul Quality of Life HRQL Nurses Psychological Challenges Health-related quality of life (HRQL) is a multidimensional concept that encompasses physical, psychological, social, and environmental factors. Numerous pressures are affecting nurses' physical and emotional well-being and everyday functioning, which in turn is harming their HRQL. Objectives: To assess HRQL among nurses and identify factors that may influence their quality of life. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study involving 375 nurses from four public sector hospitals in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, selected through a convenient sampling technique. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire. Data have been analyzed descriptively to calculate the frequencies, percentages, mean, and standard deviation. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 22.0. Results: Most of the nurses (51.2%) were in the group age group of 26-30 years with nearly equal gender distribution. The environmental domain exhibited the highest mean Health-related quality of life score (27.23). Notably, a weak positive correlation was observed between age and the social domain (r=0.181**, p<0.001). Conversely, a weak negative correlation was noted between education and the social domain (r=-0.123, p=0.017). Significant differences were found in mean scores for the Age, Physical, and Environmental domains (p-values of 0.010 and 0.011). Conclusions: It was concluded that this study emphasized the importance of addressing physical and psychological challenges faced by nurses to enhance their overall well-being. Furthermore, the study highlighted the influence of demographic factors on nurses' HRQL, offering valuable insights for tailored healthcare interventions and support programs. CrossLinks International Publishers 2025-03-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/127 10.54393/nrs.v5i1.127 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2025: Volume 05 Issue 01 (January-March Issue); 62-68 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v5i1 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/127/107 10.54393/nrs.v5i1.127.g107 Copyright (c) 2025 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/128 2026-03-05T09:44:49Z nrs:O.A driver

Assessment of The Emotional Intelligence Level Among Public and Private Undergraduate Nursing Students and its Association with Demographic Variables : Emotional Intelligence and Demographics in Nursing Undergraduates Awan, Abdul Sami Kousar, Mehreen Bashir, Shahzad Emotional Intelligence Undergraduate Nursing Student Association Variables Emotional Intelligence (EI) is mainly associated with individual thinking. The nurses' emotions and the nursing interventions are sometimes affected by such emotional abilities of nurses. Objectives: To explore the relationship of EI between public and private undergraduate nursing students and compare demographic variables with EI. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in public and private nursing colleges in Karachi, Pakistan. The total sample size was (n=196) undergraduate nursing. The data collection was done through a written questionnaire. Data were analyzed through the SPSS version 29.0. Frequency and percentage were calculated for the different levels of EI among the private and public undergraduate nursing students. Moreover, the EI comparison was also done with the demographic data. Result: 104 (53.3%) were male and 92 (46.9%) were female. According to demographic information, 39 (19.8%) participants were ages 15-20, and 157 (80.5%) were aged 21-30. 29 (14.79%) participants had less than 3 CGPA in the last semester, and 167 (85.5%) undergraduate students had more than 3 CGPA in the previous semester. Moreover, the mean and standard deviation of male was (126.1 ± 16.7) and female was (125.2 ± 13.4) with a t-value is 0.372 and a p-value is 0.045. Conclusions: It was concluded that there was a significant difference in EI among undergraduate public and private Nursing Students. This study also reveals critical insights into how demographic factors, such as age, gender, and CGPA influence the participant’s emotional intelligence. CrossLinks International Publishers 2025-03-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/128 10.54393/nrs.v5i1.128 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2025: Volume 05 Issue 01 (January-March Issue); 39-43 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v5i1 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/128/103 10.54393/nrs.v5i1.128.g103 Copyright (c) 2025 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/130 2026-03-05T09:40:15Z nrs:O.A driver

Knowledge and Practice of Nurses Regarding Central Venous Catheter (CVC) Associated Infection Prevention: Nurses’ Knowledge and Practices on CVC Infection Prevention Sajjad, Wasim Siddique, Humaira Jabeen, Rubina Tasneem, Syeda Central Venous Catheter (CVC) Infection Prevention Nurses' Knowledge Nurses' Practices Infection Control Critical Care Nursing Central venous catheters (CVCs) are frequently utilized in intensive care units (ICUs) for the administration of fluids, medications, nutrition, and intravascular monitoring. A central venous catheter (CVC) is inserted into a major central vein, typically the internal jugular, subclavian, or femoral vein, with its lumen positioned within the inferior vena cava, superior vena cava, or right atrium. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate nurses' knowledge and practices concerning the prevention of infections associated with central venous catheters (CVCs). Methods: A descriptive cross- sectional research study was conducted from March 2023 to December 2023 at Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. Purposive sampling was done to recruit the participating nurses. A well-designed questionnaire was used for data collection after the validation. Results: The study was descriptive cross-sectional, so descriptive statistics were applied, frequency distribution was calculated, data normality was checked. The study reported that the knowledge participants with poor knowledge were 61(41.2%), the participant with low practice were 53(35.8 %). Conclusion: The study concluded that many nurses have poor knowledge, and bad practices regarding central venous catheter (CVC) associated infection prevention. Future research should focus on providing education to nurses regarding the standard protocol and precaution for maintaining central venous catheter. CrossLinks International Publishers 2025-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/130 10.54393/nrs.v5i2.130 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2025: Volume 05 Issue 02 (April-June Issue); 37-41 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v5i2 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/130/117 10.54393/nrs.v5i2.130.g117 Copyright (c) 2025 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/131 2026-03-05T09:44:49Z nrs:O.A driver

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Nurses Regarding Hypervigilance Medications; Across-Sectional Study in a Public Sector Tertiary Care Hospital Swat: Nurses' Knowledge on Hypervigilance Medications Rahman, Ihsanur Bilal, Hazrat Ahmad, Kashif Khan, Mansoor Hayat, Faisal Khan, Asad Ali, Sajad Khan, Hasnain Robina, . Anees, Muhammad Hypervigilance Drugs Medication Errors Nurses' Knowledge and Attitudes Patient Safety Safety Interventions The usage of hypervigilance medications presents a considerable risk regarding patient safety and is fraught with medication blunders that is a problem around the world. In regard to preventing errors, nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding hyper vigilance drugs need to be precise. They also have significant responsibility in the dispensing of the prescriptions. Objective: To assess nurses' practices, attitudes, and knowledge of hyper vigilance drugs in Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Methods: This was a cross sectional quantitative study. We employed a practical sampling method and selected a total of 158 nurses and data was collected using self-modified questionnaires. Nurses’ knowledge, attitudes and practices were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results: With regard to hypervigilant drugs, 43.7 percent of respondents held positive views towards them. While the majority, 56.3 percent, held negative views which indicates general anxiety towards their use. Conclusions: The study highlighted the need for system level approach and targeted educational interventions to address the safety gap and to improve the overall attitude. The study recommended enforcing compulsory training programs, improving communication policies, and fostering the safety culture to ensure proper management of hypervigilant drugs and minimize errors. CrossLinks International Publishers 2025-03-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/131 10.54393/nrs.v5i1.131 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2025: Volume 05 Issue 01 (January-March Issue); 75-80 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v5i1 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/131/110 10.54393/nrs.v5i1.131.g110 Copyright (c) 2025 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/133 2026-03-05T09:44:49Z nrs:R.A driver

Difficulties Encounter by Undergraduate Nursing Students in Clinical Settings: Difficulties of Undergraduate Nursing Students in Clinical Settings Nawaz, Ali Hasan, Syed Muhammad Hussain, Altaf Shahbaz, . Clinical Practice Learning Environment Nursing Challenges Nursing Care Nursing students can utilize their theoretical knowledge to build a range of psychomotor and practical skills that are necessary for delivering high-quality care in the clinical context, as well as obtain practical experience via research projects. Nursing undergraduates have the chance to improve their psychological, psychosomatic, and psychomotor skills, all of which are essential for patient care in the clinical teaching and learning setting, despite its complexity and diversity. The focus and aim of nursing education is to develop insight and development of professional skills in individuals to work independently in clinical settings. One of the most crucial aspects influencing the learning process in clinical settings is the student’s lack of or limited exposure to the clinical learning environment. By finding the difficulties nursing students face in the clinical setting, the focus on clinical training and skill development should be emphasized more, along with the sound integration of theoretical knowledge into clinical practice. CrossLinks International Publishers 2025-03-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/133 10.54393/nrs.v5i1.133 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2025: Volume 05 Issue 01 (January-March Issue); 02-08 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v5i1 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/133/99 10.54393/nrs.v5i1.133.g99 Copyright (c) 2025 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/134 2026-03-05T09:44:49Z nrs:O.A driver

Correlation of Smart Phone Addiction and Academic Performance among Nursing Students of Private Nursing Colleges in Swat : Correlation of Smart Phone Addiction and Academic Performance Sarmad, Syed Mushtaq Alam Zaman, Ibrahim Bibi, Afsha Habibullah, . Ali, Niaz Ahmad, Shahid Abdullah, . Ataullah, . Akbar, Syed Waqas Kamal, Manahil Smartphone Addiction Academic Performance Nursing Students Correlation Smartphone addiction has become a growing concern among students, negatively impacting their academic performance. Objective: To examine the correlation of smartphone addiction among nursing students with academic performance. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2024 to November 2024 in five private nursing colleges in Swat. The study included 249 nursing students from the 4th, 5th, and 8th semesters, selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire, incorporating the Academic Performance Scale (APS) and the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV) (Cronbach’s alpha=0.911). Results: Findings revealed that 67.9% of students were addicted to smartphones, while 32.1% were not addicted. Academic performance assessment showed that a majority of students exhibited poor performance, with only a small proportion achieving good or excellent results. A strong negative correlation (r=-0.934, p<0.01) was observed between smartphone addiction and academic performance, confirming that excessive smartphone use significantly hampers academic success. Conclusions: It was concluded that smartphone addiction is a major factor contributing to poor academic performance among nursing students. To address this issue, awareness programs, time management strategies, and institutional policies should be implemented to promote responsible smartphone use. CrossLinks International Publishers 2025-03-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/134 10.54393/nrs.v5i1.134 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2025: Volume 05 Issue 01 (January-March Issue); 14-18 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v5i1 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/134/97 10.54393/nrs.v5i1.134.g97 Copyright (c) 2025 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/135 2026-03-05T09:44:49Z nrs:O.A driver

Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality among Bariatric Surgery Patients at Luqman International Hospital Swat: Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Khan, Yasir Ullah, Zakir Bilal, Muhammad Zahid, Saba Said, Taskeen Javed, Benish Khan, Abuzar Shah, Taimoor Iqbal, Anish Anwar, Wasim Patient Satisfaction Bariatric Surgery Nursing Care Quality Post-Discharge Support A key metric for evaluating the quality of healthcare is patient happiness, especially in the context of post-operative care.  Research on bariatric surgery patients' satisfaction with nursing care is few, despite the fact that they need specialised nursing support. Objective: To evaluate bariatric surgery patients' satisfaction with the quality of nursing treatment at Luqman International Hospital Swat.  Methods: A standardized PSNCQQ questionnaire was used in a cross-sectional study to assess nursing care characteristics such responsiveness, professionalism, communication, and post-discharge support. 50 patients were selected through convenient sampling, and data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. Results: The findings indicated high satisfaction in areas such as nurse-patient communication, with mean scores ranging from 4.28 to 4.54, respect with a mean score of 4.40, and post-discharge support with a mean score of 4.44. However, areas requiring improvement included response time, teamwork, and technical aspects such as medication handling, with mean scores ranging from 4.22 to 4.26. Conclusions: Overall, patients expressed positive experiences with nursing care, though minor improvements are needed in certain areas. Enhancing teamwork and response time can further improve patient satisfaction. CrossLinks International Publishers 2025-03-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/135 10.54393/nrs.v5i1.135 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2025: Volume 05 Issue 01 (January-March Issue); 19-24 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v5i1 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/135/98 10.54393/nrs.v5i1.135.g98 Copyright (c) 2025 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/136 2026-03-05T09:44:49Z nrs:O.A driver

Knowledge and Practices of Intensive Care Unit Nurses Regarding Endotracheal Tube Suctioning at Tertiary Care Hospital: Knowledge and Practices of Intensive Care Unit Anwar, Owais Siddique, Humaira Tasneem, Syeda Sidra Endotracheal Suctioning Critical Care Nurses Mechanical Ventilation Nursing Practice Airway Management One of the ten most important nursing interventions is Endotracheal Aspirating (ETS) that critical care nurses provide to intubated patients. The ICU nurse is responsible for performing endotracheal suction, which helps mechanically ventilated patients who are unable to clear their airways of secretions and improves oxygenation and ventilation. Objective: To evaluate the expertise and behaviors of critical care nurses in tertiary care hospitals with regard to endotracheal tube suctioning.  Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design with purposive sampling. A total of 150 staff nurses were included as the research population. Results: As the study followed a descriptive cross-sectional approach, descriptive statistics were utilized. Frequency distribution was calculated, and data normality was assessed. The study reported that the participants with good knowledge were 55 (39.3%) and the participants with moderate knowledge were 50 (35.7%) and those with poor knowledge were 25 (25.0%). The participants with Good Practice were 78 (52.0%) and participants with Poor Practice were 72 (48.0%). Conclusion: The majority of nurses had excellent understanding and appropriate procedures about suctioning endotracheal tubes, according to the study's findings. CrossLinks International Publishers 2025-03-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/136 10.54393/nrs.v5i1.136 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2025: Volume 05 Issue 01 (January-March Issue); 51-55 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v5i1 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/136/105 10.54393/nrs.v5i1.136.g105 Copyright (c) 2025 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/137 2026-03-05T09:44:49Z nrs:O.A driver

Prevalence and Severity of Malnutrition among Intensive Care Patients in a Government Tertiary Care Hospital in Swat: Malnutrition in Intensive Care Unit Patients Shah, Salamat Ullah, Khalil Bibi, Afsha Ullah, Latif Khan, Bakht Ali Ullah, Saif Khan, Hamza Hafeez, Muhammad Khan, Arshad Bibi, Samina Malnutrition Critically Ill Patients Intensive Care Unit Nutritional Risk Clinical Outcomes Malnutrition is a prevalent issue among critically ill patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs), significantly impacting morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Objective: To assess the prevalence and severity of malnutrition among critically ill patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a government tertiary care hospital in Swat. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a government tertiary care hospital in Swat to assess the prevalence and severity of malnutrition among ICU patients. A sample of 80 ICU patients was selected using a non-probability convenience sampling technique, and data were collected using the Modified Nutrition Risk in Critically Ill (mNUTRIC) Score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) Score, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE-II) Score. Results: The findings revealed that 71.3% of patients had multiple comorbidities, and 51.25% experienced severe organ dysfunction (SOFA score ≥8). Additionally, 37.5% of patients were at high nutritional risk (mNUTRIC score ≥5). Conclusions: The study demonstrated a significant association between malnutrition and adverse clinical outcomes, including prolonged ICU stays, increased severity of illness, and higher mortality risk. Comparisons with previous studies suggested that malnutrition prevalence among ICU patients in Swat is comparable to global trends. Addressing malnutrition through early identification and targeted nutritional interventions can improve patient recovery and reduce healthcare burdens. The study highlights the need for integrating standardized nutritional assessment protocols in ICU settings to enhance patient outcomes. CrossLinks International Publishers 2025-03-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/137 10.54393/nrs.v5i1.137 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2025: Volume 05 Issue 01 (January-March Issue); 56-61 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v5i1 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/137/106 10.54393/nrs.v5i1.137.g106 Copyright (c) 2025 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

oai:ojs2.www.nursearcher.com:article/138 2026-03-05T09:44:49Z nrs:O.A driver

Knowledge and Practice of Health Care Providers Regarding Infection Control at Luqman International Hospital Swat: Knowledge and Practice of Health Care Providers Regarding Infection Control Khan, Yasir Ullah, Zakir Bilal, Muhammad Zahid, Saba Said, Taskeen Haq, Irshad Ul Khan, Abuzar Shah, Taimoor Aqal, Anish Anwar, Wasim Knowledge Practice Health Care Provider Infection Control Infection control is paramount in healthcare settings, preventing healthcare-associated infections and ensuring patient and staff safety. Objectives: To assess the knowledge and practice of healthcare providers regarding infection control. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Luqman International Hospital, swat. 100 staff included in the research are nurses, paramedics, medical technicians (MTs), and Lady Health Visitors (LHV). The researchers have used convenient sampling, considering the accessibility and availability of staff members during the study period. Results: The findings revealed that 40% have a low level of knowledge, 50% moderate, and 10% have an elevated level of knowledge regarding infection control. Regarding the level of practice on infection control, 35% had low practice, 53 had average, and 12% had an elevated level of practice regarding infection control. Conclusions: It was concluded that healthcare providers have considerable gaps in their understanding and use of infection control. 35% showed poor practice and 40% showed little knowledge. To increase the comprehension and use of infection control strategies, immediate interventions are required CrossLinks International Publishers 2025-03-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/138 10.54393/nrs.v5i1.138 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences); 2025: Volume 05 Issue 01 (January-March Issue); 25-29 2958-9746 2958-9738 10.54393/nrs.v5i1 eng https://www.nursearcher.com/index.php/nrs/article/view/138/100 10.54393/nrs.v5i1.138.g100 Copyright (c) 2025 NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 9ccd4122ec7837b569ac9d2ad8a6f5b5