Cultural Competence among Nurses Working in Tertiary Care Hospitals of Peshawar: Cultural Competence among Nurses

Aurang Zeb; Gauhar Rahman; Aasim Shafqat; Rimsha Amjad; Kawsar Rahman; Aqsa Qadar; Rehan Ullah; Shagufa Shakoor

doi:10.54393/nrs.v5i2.160

Authors

Aurang Zeb Rehman College of Nursing, Peshawar, Pakistan
Gauhar Rahman Sarhad University, Peshawar, Pakistan
Aasim Shafqat Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar, Pakistan
Rimsha Amjad Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar, Pakistan
Kawsar Rahman Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar, Pakistan
Aqsa Qadar Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar, Pakistan
Rehan Ullah NICE College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan
Shagufa Shakoor Rehman College of Nursing, Peshawar, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/nrs.v5i2.160

Keywords:

Cultural Competence, Nursing Practice, Patient Care, Healthcare Diversity

Abstract

The importance of cultural competency among nurses in diverse healthcare settings cannot be underestimated. Understanding cultural differences is essential for effective patient care. Cultural competence is vital globally, especially in places like Peshawar, Pakistan, with a growing migrant population. Despite a shortage of nurses, their role in fostering cultural understanding is crucial. Assessing nurses' knowledge of cultural competence in Peshawar's major hospitals is vital, offering insights for targeted training programs and improving healthcare. Objective: To assess the cultural competence levels of registered nurses in tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar and identify factors influencing their cultural awareness and sensitivity. Methods: A cross-sectional study in four major tertiary care hospitals in Peshawar, Pakistan, utilized a convenient sample of 268 registered nurses directly involved in patient care were surveyed using an adopted questionnaire of 11 questions on culture competencies. Data analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Ethical approval was obtained from Rehman College of Nursing and hospital ethics boards while ensuring participant confidentiality, voluntary participation and informed consent. Results: Results showed 0.37% were adequately competent, 16.04% moderately competent, and 83.20% highly competent. The mean score was 17.65 with a standard deviation of 2.122. Participants' backgrounds, training attendance, and work experiences were considered in the analysis. Conclusions: The study revealed that elderly, veterans, especially those with extensive cross-cultural patient interactions, displayed greater cultural competence. This information is useful for tailoring culturally sensitive training programs to the nurses who will benefit the most from them.

References

Alizadeh S and Chavan M. Cultural competence dimensions and outcomes: a systematic review of the literature. Health & Social Care in the Community. 2016 Nov; 24(6): e117-30. doi: 10.1111/hsc.12293. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12293

Almutairi AF, Dahinten VS, Rodney P. Almutairi's Critical Cultural Competence model for a multicultural healthcare environment. Nursing Inquiry. 2015 Dec; 22(4): 317-25. doi: 10.1111/nin.12099. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/nin.12099

Andrews MM. Cultural perspectives on nursing in the 21st century. Journal of Professional Nursing. 1992 Jan; 8(1): 7-15. doi: 10.1016/8755-7223(92)90112-C. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/8755-7223(92)90112-C

Brunton M and Cook C. Dis/Integrating cultural difference in practice and communication: A qualitative study of host and migrant Registered Nurse perspectives from New Zealand. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2018 Jul; 83: 18-24. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.04.005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.04.005

Cai D, He W, Klug D. Cultural competence among nurses and its influencing factors: A cross‐sectional study. Nursing & Health Sciences. 2021 Jun; 23(2): 411-8. doi: 10.1111/nhs.12821. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/nhs.12821

Sharifi N, Adib-Hajbaghery M, Najafi M. Cultural competence in nursing: A concept analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2019 Nov; 99: 103386. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.103386. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.103386

Campinha-Bacote J. The process of cultural competence in the delivery of healthcare services: A model of care. Journal of Transcultural Nursing. 2002 Jul; 13(3): 181-4. doi: 10.1177/10459602013003003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/10459602013003003

Glen S. Convenience sampling (accidental sampling): definition, examples. Statistics How To. 2015. Available from: https://www.statisticshowto.com/convenience-sampling.

Falatah R, Al-Harbi L, Alhalal E. The association between cultural competency, structural empowerment, and effective communication among nurses in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional correlational study. Nursing Reports. 2022 Apr; 12(2): 281-90. doi: 10.3390/nursrep12020028. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep12020028

Gallagher RW and Polanin JR. A meta-analysis of educational interventions designed to enhance cultural competence in professional nurses and nursing students. Nurse Education Today. 2015 Feb; 35(2): 333-40. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2014.10.021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2014.10.021

Gibbs DK and Culleiton AL. A project to increase educator cultural competence in mentoring at-risk nursing students. Teaching and Learning in Nursing. 2016 Jul; 11(3): 118-25. doi: 10.1016/j.teln.2016.01.003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teln.2016.01.003

Khowaja AA, Rafiq N, Rabi F, Merchant N, Rafiq N, Zulfiqar S. Turnover propensity among nurses in Pakistan: overview and management. Iris Journal of Nursing & Care. 2019 Jan; 1(2): 1. doi: 10.33552/IJNC.2019.01.000507. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33552/IJNC.2019.01.000507

Liang HF, Wu KM, Hung CC, Wang YH, Chen YC. Evaluation of nursing students' perceptions of their cultural care competency: A mixed method study in Taiwan. Nurse Education in Practice. 2019 Nov; 41: 102639. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2019.102639. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2019.102639

Ndiwane AN, Baker NC, Makosky A, Reidy P, Guarino AJ. Use of simulation to integrate cultural humility into advanced health assessment for nurse practitioner students. Journal of Nursing Education. 2017 Sep; 56(9): 567-71. doi: 10.3928/01484834-20170817-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20170817-11

Oikarainen A, Mikkonen K, Kenny A, Tomietto M, Tuomikoski AM, Meriläinen M et al. Educational interventions designed to develop nurses' cultural competence: A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2019 Oct; 98: 75-86. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.06.005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.06.005

Perveen T, Shahnaz S, Anwar NB, Zia TA, Latif WA, Laique TA. Awareness of nurses regarding culturally competent care in hospitals of Punjab: cross sectional study. Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences. 2021 Jun; 15(6): 1292-4. doi: 10.53350/pjmhs211561292. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211561292

Turale S, Kunaviktikul W, Mesukko J. Giving undergraduate nursing student’s international experiences: Issues and strategies. Nursing & Health Sciences. 2020 Sep; 22(3): 830-6. doi: 10.1111/nhs.12722. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/nhs.12722

Zarzycka D, Chrzan-Rodak A, Bąk J, Niedorys-Karczmarczyk B, Ślusarska B. Nurse Cultural Competence-cultural adaptation and validation of the Polish version of the Nurse Cultural Competence Scale and preliminary research results. PLOS One. 2020 Oct; 15(10): e0240884. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240884. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240884

Kaihlanen AM, Hietapakka L, Heponiemi T. Increasing cultural awareness: Qualitative study of nurses’ perceptions about cultural competence training. BMC Nursing. 2019 Dec; 18(1): 38. doi: 10.1186/s12912-019-0363-x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-019-0363-x

Loftin C, Hartin V, Branson M, Reyes H. Measures of cultural competence in nurses: An integrative review. The Scientific World Journal. 2013 Mar; 2013: 289101. doi: 10.1155/2013/289101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/289101